Mahsa Abbasi¹, Mohammad Kakaie², Kourosh Saki³, Shaker Salari Lak⁴*, Mahmoud Bahmani⁵

¹MSc in private law, West Azarbayejan Sciences and Research Center. Urmia. Iran
²Psychiatrist .Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Tabriz. Iran
³Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran. Iran
⁴Epidemiologist. Associate professor, Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Urmia. Iran
⁵Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Urmia. Iran

The present study examines the effects of certain mental disorders on marriage dissolution or divorce. A total sample of 105 couples on the verge of marriage dissolution, and 105 couples continuing a normal marital life were selected randomly. A Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) developed at Johns Hopkins University was used to assess mental pathology of the two groups. Results indicated a weak correlation between scores of mental disorder in study and control groups. Also, a significant difference (p_ value<0.001) was observed between average scores of mental disorders in both groups regarding all studied mental disorders. Thus, it is concluded that there is a correlation between mental disorders and marriage dissolution or divorce. Accordingly, consultations with psychologists and experts on family or couple therapy before divorce and dissolution of marriage may contribute to reduction of this phenomenon.

Key words: Mental disorder, marriage dissolution, divorce, Urmia, Iran.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: m_abbasi 6085@yahoo.com (Mahsa Abbasi)

How to cite this article: M Abbasi, M kakaie, K Saki, SS Lak and M Bahmani (2015). Evaluating the relationship between mental disorders and marriage dissolution in Urmia of Iran. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(5): 01-06.

Mezbah Uddin¹, Md. Abu Bakr Siddique¹, Farzana Afroz², Md. Abdullah-Al-Hasan¹

¹Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
²Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

The study was conducted for determination of lethal Escherichia coli toxin of isolates from two selective strains of Novogen brown (layer) and Hubbard classic (broiler) of Paragon Grand Parent layer farm and Ahana broiler farm. The whole study was performed in two steps of which the first step include isolation and identification of the E. coli while the second one included toxin extraction and lethality analysis. A total number of 60 fecal samples, 30 from Novogen brown and 30 from Hubbard classic were aseptically collected using stratified random sampling and brought to the Microbiology laboratory of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Sylhet Agricultural University, Tilagor, Sylhet. For extraction of toxin E. coli organisms were isolated and identified from chicken. Out of 60 samples 42 were found to be positive to E. coli. The overall prevalence of E. coli was 70%. Among the positive samples 22 (73.33%) samples were found to be positive from broilers while 20 (66.67%) were found positive from layers. Toxin was extracted from E. coli field isolates and subjected to lethality test in suckling mouse. The minimum lethal dose that causes 33.33% mortality was 12.5 µl of toxin when administered orally. In this study it was noted that considerable duration needed for production of toxin from dead bacteria to produce lethal effect in suckling mouse.

Key words: E. coli, chicken faeces, lethal effect, mouse.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: mezbahuddin42@yahoo.com (Mezbah Uddin)

How to cite this article: M Uddin, MAB Siddique, F Afroz and MAA Hasan (2015). Determination of lethal effect of Escherichia coli toxin in suckling mouse. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(5): 07-12.

Md. Saiful Hasan¹, Md. Mustafijur Rahaman¹, Ashim Baran Sen², Md. Shariful Islam¹, Md. Shafiqul Islam Khan¹, M.A. Matin³

¹Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Khanpura, Babugonj, Barisal-8210, Bangladesh
²Veterinary Surgeon, Begumgonj, Noakahali, Bangladesh
³Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Babugonj, Barisal-8210, Bangladesh

The study was conducted at the different areas of Bangladesh during the period from July 2011 to December 2011. A total of 7145 animals were examined based on clinical signs and history of the patients. The data represent that only 46 (0.64%) animals out of 7145 animals (cattle and goat) were congenitally defective. The animals were classified according to species, type of congenital defects and body system involvement. It is observed that cattle (0.80%) were more prone to congenital defects than goat (0.21%). Among the different types of congenital malformations atresia ani was highest representing 50% followed by bent leg (16.66%), tongue deformity (4.76%), congenital skin outgrowth (2.38%), dermoid cyst (7.14%), gum carcinoma (2.38%), inherited hypotrichosis (2.38%), neonatal neck paralysis (2.38%)  and neonatal blindness (11.90%) were and respectively for cattle. In case of goat all four cases were atresi ani that involved the digestive system. The digestive system involvement was higher (57.14%) than musculo-skeletal system and ocular system that makes up 23.81% and 19.05% respectively. Congenital defects are not most common in Bangladesh and the economic effects of congenital defects is not as high as compare with that of other diseases that have high economic effects. Therefore, further study should be conducted by selecting the more areas to make a consensus of congenital defect in Bangladesh. Research should be carried out in order to find out the causes and source of the deformities and thus taking necessary measure to control them.

Key words: Congenital defects, cattle, goat, Bangladesh.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: dvm.saiful@gmail.com (Md. Saiful Hasan)

How to cite this article: Hasan MS, Rahaman MM, Sen AB, Islam MS, Khan MSI and Matin MA (2015). Prevalence of congenital defects of cattle and goat in Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(5): 13-17.

Md. Tanziul Islam¹, Md. Jubaer Ibna Taher², Belal Uddin³, Saha Forid¹

¹Department of Political Science, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh
²Department of Public Administration, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh
³Department of Economics, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh

The study was conducted to determine the socio-economic effect on child marriage in Kurigram district. Early marriage has been a common practice among many ethnic groups in the world. However, marriage is regarded as a moment of celebration and a milestone in adult life. Sadly, the practice of early marriage gives no such cause for celebration when it is not done properly. In this paper the researcher used primary data from the questionnaires administered. The data were represented to show the effect of socio-economic condition on child marriage. Based on this finding the following recommendations are proffered to lessen the rate of early marriage of girl-child as it goes with a negative effect on their health and education.  Building awareness against the negative impact of child marriage, ensuring the sexual security of girls, role of government by establishing public-private partnerships, decorating the primary and secondary textbooks with negative impact of child marriage and, establishing the marriage and family laws.

Keywords: Socio-economic value, child marriage, Kurigram.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: tanziulbrur@gmail.com (Md. Tanziul Islam)

How to cite this article: Islam MT, Taher MJI, Uddin B and Forid S (2015). Socio-economic values and child marriage: A case study on selected villages in Kurigram district. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(5): 18-23.

Farhana Hoque¹ Shah Muhammad Shahidullah¹, Nizamul Haque Patwary¹, Neelima Akter², A.B.M. Nurul Anwar³

¹Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, Peoples Republic of Bangladesh
²Soil Resources Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Peoples Republic of Bangladesh
³Department of Agricultural Extension, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

The main purpose of this study was to determine the willingness of female rural youth from small and landless families within the age category of 13-25 years in selected agricultural activities in income earning. The independent variables included 10 selected characteristics of female rural youth namely, age, education, agricultural knowledge, organizational participation, family size of parents/ husband, area of homestead, income of parents/ husband, assets owned, innovation proneness, rural mindedness. The study further explored the relationships between the selected characteristics of female rural youth and their willingness for selected agricultural activities in income earning. Data were collected from a sample of 80 female rural youth from Fakirakanda of Mymensingh district. Data were collected through an interview schedule and analyzed. To measure the willingness of female rural youth for selected agricultural activities in income earning willingness index (WI) was computed to determine the rank order of 20 items on willingness. The Wl ranged from 0-300. The proportion of younger youth was higher (38%) in comparison to ‘youth’ (35%) and ‘adult youth’ (27%) categories and the large majority of them (40%) had mid-school level education with ‘better’ (54%) agricultural knowledge. But large proportion of female rural youth (62%) had ‘very low’ organizational participation and their parents or husband owned ‘very small'(76%) homestead with a medium size family (68%), poor income (66%) and having low assets (96%). Over three-fourth of the female rural youth had (64%) medium innovation proneness with medium rural mindedness (60%). The WI for 20 items related to agricultural activities in income earning indicated that indices of 7 items were above 200 and the top three in rank order were ‘vegetable cultivation around the homestead’ (251), ‘husking and boiling of paddy’ (226) and ‘selling vegetable’ (215) and the remaining four were (in order of merit) ‘help in intercultural operations’ (211), ‘modern vegetable cultivation’ (205), ‘preparing protection of fruit trees by bamboo wall’ (202), and ‘help in storing the seeds’ (200). The overall willingness of the female rural youth for selected agricultural activities in income earning revealed that the largest proportion (59%) was found in the ‘medium’ category. Out of possible 20 correlations, 7 were statistically significant, of them 4 negatively and 3 positively correlated. Education and rural mindedness had negative relationships with the willingness of female rural youth. Area of homestead (including land) of parents/ husband and innovation proneness had positive relationship with the willingness of female rural youth for selected agricultural activities.

Keywords: Willingness, female, rural youth, income, agriculture.

Corresponding author. Farhana Hoque
E-mail address: anny_farhana@ yahoo.com

How to cite this article: Hoque F, Shahidullah SM, Patwary NH, Akter N, Anwar  ABMN (2015). Willingness of small and landless female rural youth for selected agricultural activities in income earning. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(5): 24-36.

Mohammad Abdullah-Al-Shamim¹, Md. Jaber¹, Nasrin Sultana², Md. Mamtazur Rahman³

¹Veterinary Surgeon, Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh
²Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
³Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

The research work was conducted on “Saver Star Boro” broilers fed with vitamin E and selenium from “Eskavit E” at different doses with normal broiler ration to observe the effect on body weight gain and organ weight, some haematological (TEC, Hb, PCV, ESR, MCV, MCH and MCHC) and some biochemical (SGOT and SGPT) parameters. Twenty, 20 days old broilers were randomly assigned into one of four equal groups (n=5) as A, B, C and D. Group  A was considered as control, fed with normal broiler ration and other groups B, C and D were fed with vitamin E and selenium at the dose 40 mg vitamin E and 0.04 mg selenium in group B, 80 mg vitamin E and 0.08 mg selenium in group C and 120 mg vitamin E and 0.12 mg selenium per Kg diet in group D with normal broiler ration from 0 to 21 days of experiment. It was observed that vitamin E and selenium supplementation significantly (p<0.01) increased body weight of broilers with better physical appearance. The organs weight did not differ significantly (p>0.05) among the treated groups in comparison to control. Haematological parameters such as TEC, Hb, PCV, ESR, MCV, MCH and MCHC increased mathematically but not significantly (p>0.05) in comparison to control group. SGOT and SGPT values decreased significantly (p<0.01) in the treated groups. It is revealed that vitamin E and selenium supplementation with normal ration is beneficial for broiler productions.

Keywords: Vitamin E, selenium, broiler, performance.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: alshamim1981@gmail.com (MAA Shamim)

How to cite this article: Shamim MAA, Jaber M, Sultana N and Rahman MM (2015). Effect of supplementation of vitamin E and selenium on growth and haemato-biochemical parameters of broiler. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(5): 37-43.

Md. Forhadul Miraz, Md. Abdul Mozid, Md. Shahidul Haque, M.A. Latif

Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

The present study was undertaken to develop a reproducible protocol for efficient in vitro callus initiation and plantlet regeneration of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators were used in MS medium to observe their relative efficiency for callus induction and plantlet regeneration from cotyledonary node, epicotyl and hypocotyl as explants. Among these explants, cotyledonary node produced the highest percentage (56.25%) of callus while the epicotyls showed the lowest frequency (51.04%) of callus. Among the growth regulator combinations the highest rate of callus induction (91.11%) was observed in MS medium containing  0.2 mg/L NAA, 3 mg/L BAP and  2 mg/L Kn. Variety BARIchola-1 showed higher percentage ( 56.11% ) of callus formation than BARIchola-2 which produced 49.72 % of callus. Further studies were needed to evaluate the performance of the shoot regeneration from initiated callus in order to establish the in vitro methods.

Keywords: callus initiation, plantlet regeneration, epicotyl, cotyledonary node, hypocotyl, growth regulators.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: latifdae2353@gmail.com (M.A. Latif)

How to cite this article: Miraz MF, Mozid MA, Haque MS and Latif MA (2015).  In vitro callus initiation of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum l.). International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(5): 40-51.

Bijon Kumar Dewan¹, Md. Sumon Mia², Farida Yeasmin², Sadhan Chandra Sarker³, MNS Mamun Siddiky⁴, Md. Kamal¹

¹Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
²Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
³Senior Upazilla Fisheries Officer, Noakhali Sadar, Noakhali, Bangladesh
⁴Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Brackishwater Station Paikgacha, Khulna, Bangladesh

Studies were conducted on the proximate composition of different size groups and body parts of hilsa of Chandpur region. Analysis of proximate composition was done at the Fisheries Technology laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.  In this study the nutrient content varied greatly with age and size of the fish of same species. The protein and ash content was found to be more or less same in different size groups. However, there was an inverse relationship between the lipid and moisture content. The lipid content was increased gradually with increasing the size of fish, whereas the moisture content was decreased with increasing lipid content of different size group of hilsa. Protein content ranged from 17.61 to 18.55% with the highest value in adult and the lowest in Jatka (larvae and juveniles). Ash content ranged from 0.81 to 0.87%, moisture content ranged from 64.45 to 71.78% with the highest value in Jatka and the lowest value in Brood, while lipid content ranged from 9.37 to 16.15% with the highest value in Brood and the lowest in Jatka. It was also found that the protein content was highest in white muscle and lowest in viscera. The lipid content was highest in dark muscle, whereas the moisture content was found to be highest in viscera. However, the ash content was more or less same in different parts. From technological point of view, the high lipid content of dark muscle tissue is important because of problems with rancidity which is less suitable for preservation. Dark muscle also inhibits gel forming ability of muscle tissue which is an important characteristic of fish for heat treated textured foods. The moisture, protein, lipid and ash content of white muscle were 66.05, 18.23, 14.02 and 1.08% while in the dark muscle were 66.16, 17.54, 14.53 and 0.91%, respectively. On the other hand, in viscera, moisture, protein, lipid and ash content were 79.33, 14.27, 5.05 and 1.13%.

Keywords: Protein, lipid, moisture, ash, Hilsa, Bangladesh.

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: sumon_reod@yahoo.com @gmail.com (MS Mia)

How to cite this article: Dewan BK, Mia MS, Yeasmin F, Sarker SC, Siddky MNSM and Kamal M (2015). Studies on the proximate composition of Hilsa of different size group at   Chandpur region. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(5): 52-55.

Sanjoy Biswas¹, Mir Rowshan Akter², Arup Ratan Chaki³, Shah Md. Ikbal⁴, Md Abdul Matin⁵, Md. Shahbubul Alam⁶

¹Upazila Livestock Officer, Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh
²Department of Microbiology, Hazi Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladeh
³Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
⁴Upazila Livestock Officer, Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh
⁵Department of Dairy Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, Bangladesh
⁶Department of General Animal Science and Nutrition, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, Bangladesh

The intention of this study was to determine the bacterial pathogens from the liver and cloacal swab of day old chicks (DOC) with their characterization. For this purpose a total of 50 (Fifty) DOC were collected from 05 (Five) hatcheries. Samples from vital organ like liver and cloacal swabs were examined bacteriologically for the presence or absence of bacteria. For the identification and characterization of bacteria morphology, staining, cultural, biochemical properties, molecular characterization and antibiogram studies were accomplished. The highest load was found Escherichia coli (52%), Salmonella spp. (38%) and Staphylococcus spp. (36%). Antibiogram profiles revealed that E. coli and Salmonella was strongly sensitive to Colistin sulphate and Gentamycin, moderately sensitive to Cefixim, Ciprofloxacin and Neomycin and less sensitive to Doxycycline, Norfloxacin, Levofloxacin and Tetracyclin.

Keywords: Day old chicks, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., antibiogram.

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: sanjoyvs77@yahoo.com (S Biswas)

How to cite this article: Biswas S , Akter MR, Chaki AR, Ikbal SM, Matin MA and Alam  MS  (2015). Antimicrobial sensitivity of bacterial pathogens isolated from day old broiler. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(5): 56-63.

Md. Jaber¹, Nasrin Sultana², Mohammad Abdullah-Al-Shamim³, M.S. Uddin⁴, Khair Ahmed Chowdhury⁵

¹Upazila Livestock Officer, Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh
²Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
³Veterinary Surgeon, Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh
⁴Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
⁵Departments of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

An experiment was conducted to determine the comparative efficacy of fowl cholera vaccines in ducks prepared at BAU, (FCV-BAU) Mymensingh with that of FC vaccine prepared at Livestock Research Institute, (FCV-LRI), Dhaka, using SC route of inoculation. For this 22 weeks aged ducks of Xinding breed was divided into three groups such as A, B, and C, of which group A was inoculated with FCV-BAU and group B with FCV-LRI, while group C was kept as unvaccinated control. Each bird received initially 1 ml of Fowl cholera vaccine administered SC followed by a booster dose given with the similar dose and route at 15 days interval. The birds were reared separately in duck shed of the department with recommended feed and other managemental requirements as well as maintenance of proper biosecurity. Pre-vaccination sera were collected from all the groups of ducks. Sera of the immunized and control ducks were collected at 15 days of primary vaccination and then 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days post vaccination. The degree of immunity produced in each vaccinated groups of ducks following primary and secondary vaccination were measured by using PHA test. In case of group A, the mean PHA antibody titers were 56±8.00, 112±16.00, 160±32.00, 96±18.47, 64±0.00 and 32±0.00, and in group B; 48±9.24, 96±18.47, 128±0.00, 80±16.00, 48±9.24, and 32±0.00 at 15, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days of vaccination respectively.. In group C (control) the PHA titre was <4.0±0.00. The protective potential efficacy of fowl cholera vaccine was also measured by determining the rate of survivability of the birds of each vaccinated group by challenge exposure at 5 weeks post vaccination. Ducks of group A and group B conferred 100% protection while the unvaccinated controlled ducks succumbed to such infection. The PHA titres obtained from different groups of ducks were analyzed by T-test to determine the protective capacity of vaccinated ducks against challenge exposure. It was demonstrated that experimentally fowl cholera vaccine conferred 100% protection (p<0.01) against challenge infection. The study suggests Fowl cholera vaccines FCV-BAU and FCV-LRI are safe and effective for the vaccination of ducks against duck cholera.

Keywords: Fowl cholera vaccine, duck and efficacy.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address:  jabervet@yahoo.com (M Jaber)

How to cite this article: Jaber M , Sultana N , Shamim MAA, Uddin MS and Chowdhury KA (2015). Comparative efficacy of fowl cholera vaccines in ducks. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(5): 64-73.

Md. Jinnat Hossian, M. Kamruzzaman, Md. Ali Akbar, Md. Ariful Haque

Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

The objectives of the present study were to investigate the feeding effect of garlic powder supplementation on growth performance, digestibility of nutrients and carcass characteristics of growing rabbit. For this purpose, 12 male New Zealand White growing rabbits were distributed randomly in three treatment groups, i.e. control (T₀ ), adding 0.25% garlic powder (T₁ ) and adding 0.50% garlic powder (T₂).  All diets were around iso-energic and iso-nitrogenous. Body weight at 35 days of age was higher (376.75kg) in T₁ group. There was no significant effect among treatment groups with respect to feed intake, growth and feed conversion ratio but these values were numerically higher in T₁ group. The digestibility of crude protein, crude fiber and digestible crude fiber values were higher in T₁ diet than the others. Carcass protein content was higher and fat content was lower in T₁ diet. Therefore, it may be concluded that adding 0.25% garlic powder may be practiced for economic rabbit production.

Keywords: Garlic powder, growth, digestibility, rabbit.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: sajid.bau@gmail.com (MJ Hossian)

How to cite this article: Hossian MJ, Kamruzzaman M, Akbar MA and Haque MA (2015). Feeding garlic powder on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of rabbit. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(5): 74-81.

Tanmay Dutta, Md. Mizanor Rahman, Md. Sultan Uddin Bhuiya, Md. Abdul Kader

Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Salinity causes unfavorable environment that restricts normal growth, development and yield of crops. Application of organic amendments is one of the agronomic practices to ameliorate salt stress in plants. An experiment was carried out at the net house of the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during July to December 2013 to minimize the adverse effects of soil salinity in transplanted Aman rice cv. BRRI dhan41 through application of organic amendments. The sodium chloride induced salinity levels of 0, 25 and 50 mM were imposed at tillering stage of the crop. Four organic amendments viz. cowdung, compost, green manure (Sesbania rostrata) and poultry manure @ 10 t ha^-1 were applied to ameliorate the salinity stress effect. The experiment was conducted in chari and laid out in completely randomized design. Results reveal that the different levels of salinity showed significant adverse effect on plant height, number of tillers hill^-1, number of effective tillers hill^-1, panicle length, number of total spikelets panicle^-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index (HI). All the plants were affected badly when they were exposed salinity level of 50 mM NaCl. The highest grain yield (4.93 t ha^-1) and straw yield (5.47 t ha^-1) were obtained from the control condition where no salinity was imposed. Grain yield decreased gradually with the increase in level of salinity stress. The salinity stress of 50 mM NaCl yielded the lowest grain yield (4.18 t ha^-1). Application of organic amendments helped to ameliorate salinity stress compared to those without organic amendments. Grain yield reduction at 50 mM salinity level was 32.72% compared to control, which was reduced to only 5.31, 9.41, 9.41 and 26.18% by the application of poultry manure, compost, green manure and cowdung, respectively @ 10 t ha^-1. Similar amelioration effect was also observed in case of straw yield. The results of the study conclude that salinity stress condition for growing BRRI dhan41 could successfully be ameliorated to some extent through application of organic amendments like poultry manure, green manure and cowdung. However, no substantial ameliorative effect of salinity stress was found with the application of compost.

Keywords: Salinity, organic amendments, aman rice.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: sultanagron50@yahoo.com (SU Bhuiya)

How to cite this article: Dutta T, Rahman MM, Bhuiya MSU and Kader MA (2015). Use of organic amendment for amelioration of salinity stress in transplanted aman rice cv. BRRI dhan41. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(5): 82-94.

Md. Jaber¹, Nasrin Sultana², Mohammad Abdullah-Al-Shamim³, M.S. Uddin⁴, Monsorul Amin² 

¹Upazila Livestock Officer, Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh
²Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
³Veterinary Surgeon, Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh
⁴Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

The investigation was conducted to determine the persistence of MDA in broiler chicks and examine its influence on vaccination programme against Newcastle Disease. For this a total of 40 day-old chicks with history of vaccination of parents belonging to Hubbard classic breed were purchased from the local agent at Mymensingh of Kazi Farms Ltd, Dhaka. Birds were divided into 3 (three) groups such as A, B and C. Group A consisting of 10 birds were vaccinated with F strain, known popularly as BCRDV, and those of Group B was administered with La Sota strain (Cevac New L, ACI Animal Health, Dhaka) while 20 chicks belonging to Group C were kept as unvaccinated control. The chicks were inoculated at four (4) days of age with recommended dose of manufacturer via eye-drop (intra conjunctival) instillation. Prevaccinal sera samples were collected from five (5) randomly selected birds bled on the day of vaccination. All the birds were provided with Gumboro (Infectious Bursal Disease) live vaccine (ACI-Cevac Gumbo L) via eye-drop at 11 days after hatch. Post vaccinal as well as control (unvaccinated) sera were obtained from blood samples collected from five (5) randomly selected birds of all the groups on day 4, 7, 12, 17 DPV when the birds were 8, 11, 16 and 21 days old. Sera samples obtained were subjected to HI test. The birds of group C (unvaccinated control) was again divided in to three (3) groups such as D and E consisting of 8 birds each while group C had four (4) chicks. On 21 days age of birds, group A and D were vaccinated with F strain, group B and E with La Sota strain while group C was kept as unvaccinated control (as it was). Sera samples were collected from five (5) randomly selected birds of all the groups on 10 DPV and 16 DPV when the birds were 31 and 37 days old respectively and their HI titers were determined.  It was observed that GM titer of HI antibody of the unvaccinated control birds (Group C) ranged from 139.28 at 4 days of age to 52.78 at the age of 16. Primary vaccination with F (Group A) and La Sota (Group B) resulted in elucidation of HI titers to the levels of 105.56 and 160 respectively during which the GM of control group was as low as 20. It was further observed that vaccination after depletion of MAB on all the groups had a impetuous production of HI titers of 183.79 in both groups A and B and 211.12 in both groups D and E. It is concluded that maternal antibody passed over to broiler chicks from their parents is high and protective for the bird until 16 days of age. Birds primarily vaccinated with F and La Sota strains had positive effect to rise of HI during their age through which MAB is retained particularly up to 21 days of age. Broiler chicks vaccinated on depletion of MAB either primarily or secondarily with F or La Sota strains showed impetuous production of HI titers. La Sota vaccine was found to provide better immunizing effects in some occasion. Broiler chicks possessing MAB may be immunized against ND when they are 11 to 16 days old.

Keywords: Maternal antibody, Newcastle virus vaccination, broiler.

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address:  jabervet@yahoo.com (M  Jaber)

How to cite this article: Jaber M, Sultana N, Shamim MAA, Uddin MS and Amin M (2015). Influence of maternally derived antibody on Newcastle disease vaccination in broiler. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(5): 95-102.