Md. Mahade Hasan Sikder¹, Md.Shajahan Kabir², Md. Mehedi Hasan Sikdar³

¹Interdisciplinary Center for Food Security (ICF), Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
²Department of Rural Sociology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
³Department of Statistics, Faculty of Agriculture. Patuakhali Science & Technology University, Patuakhali -8602, Bangladesh

The study was conducted to investigate the livelihood status of tribal people at three villages of Mohadevpur Upazila of Naogoan District. Data were collected from a random sample of 63 where the total tribal people were 252. A structured interview schedule was used for collecting data during July to September 2016. The selected ten characteristics of the tribal people such age, level of education, family member, house land size, cultivable land size, annual income, sanitary system, drinking water, training experience and credit received were considered as the independent variables while their livelihood status constituted the dependent variable. Pearson’s Product Moment Coefficient Correlation (r) was computed to explore relationship of the respondents’ selected characteristics and their livelihood status.  It was found that the observed score of livelihood status of the tribal people ranged from 25-65 in score while the possible range was 15-75. The mean livelihood status was 45.52 with a standard deviation 8.032. The findings of the study revealed that 14.28 percent of tribal people belonged to high condition livelihood, while 82.54 percent of tribal people belong to medium condition livelihood and 3.72 percent had low condition livelihood. The variation regarding different assets of livelihood was medium, the highest status of livelihood improvement was observed in case of financial capital and it was the lowest in case of social capital. Tribal people’s level of education, house land size, cultivable land size, annual household income, sanitary system, drinking water, training experience and credit received had significant positive relationship with their livelihood status. While age had significant negative relationship with their livelihood status. Year-round income generation is vital for raising livelihood condition of the tribal people to their basic needs. Technical supports like training and credit may boost off-farm income of the tribal people. Mere relief supports and safety net programs are effective in case of seasonal and climatic adversities. Government and NGOs should be taken necessary steps for raising livelihood condition of tribal people.

Keywords: Livelihood status, Tribal people, Bangladesh.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: mahade.hasan41@yahoo.com (MMH Sikder)

How to cite this article: Sikder MMH,Kabir MS and Sikdar MMH (2017). Livelihood status of tribal people at Mohadevpur upazila in Naogoan district. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(2): 01-06.

Nizam Uddin Ahmed¹, Nashir Uddin Mahmud², Afzal Hossain³, Asad Uz Zaman⁴, Shyam Chandra Halder¹

¹Scientific Officer, Tuber Crop Research Sub-station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Munsigonj, Bangladesh
²Senior Scientific Officer, Soil Science Division, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jessore, Bangladesh
³Scientific officer, On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Station, Alamnagar, Rangpur, Bangladesh
⁴Scientific Officer, Rice Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur, Bangladesh

To find out a suitable mulch material for potato production is an important issue for the farmers. The aim of the present study was to effect of mulching on yield and quality of potato. A field experiment was conducted at Tuber Crops Research Sub Centre (TCRSC), Munshiganj during rabi season 2014-2015 to evaluate the performance of mulching on potato production. For meet up the demand six treatments viz. Rice straw, Water hyacinth, Saw dust, Black polythene and, White polythene along with Control (no mulch) were used to find the best materials that can help the farmers to improve their production practice. Now a day’s mulching has become an important factor for potato production. All the mulches have significant influence on the growth, yield and yield contributing characters. The result indicated that the highest yield (34.21 t/ha) was found in the black polythene mulch that was statistically different from other mulch materials. The lowest yield (25.64) was found in control (no mulch) treatment.

Keywords: Mulching, Tuber yield, Potato.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: manikbau80@gmail.com (NU Mahmud)

How to cite this article: Ahmed NU, Mahmud NU, Hossain A, Zaman AU and Halder SC (2017). Performance of mulching on the yield and quality of potato. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(2): 07-13.

Md. Shamsul Alam, Hosne – Ara Begum

Horticulture Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh

The study was conducted on the control of guava spiraling white fly (Aleurodicus dispersus Russel)) by spraying wheel powder (Produced by Liver Brothers Ltd.) and Chilli Dust in the guava orchard at the Farmer’s field of Moushuddi, Dhonbari, Tangail during March-September 2016. The two factor experiment consisted of 10 levels of concentrations, viz., control, (2g wheel powder + 1g chilli dust; 4g wheel powder + 1g chilli dust; 6g wheel powder + 2g chilli dust; 8g wheel powder + 2g chilli dust; 10g wheel powder + 2g chilli dust; 15 g wheel powder + 3g chilli dust; 20g wheel powder + 3g chilli dust; 25g wheel powder + 4g chilli dust; 30g wheel powder + 5g chilli dust) litre^-1 of water were mixed with tube well water and were sprayed 5, 10 and 20 days after the 1^st spray. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications having 3-unit plant per replication. The result pertaining to the contrl of spiraling white fly on guava using wheel powder and chilli dust 10 g wheel powder litre^-1 of water with 2 g chilli dust were found more effective without any burning of the guava leaves. The concentration 15g/ litre with 3g chilli dust was  medium and 20g, 25g and 30g / litre of water with 3g, 4g and 5g chilli dust were found serious leaf burning, even total leaf dropping after 4^th spray respectively. Considering the findings of the experiments under study, the following practices may be recommended for the control of spiraling white fly of guava in Bangladesh: 10 g wheel powder litre^-1 of water with 2 g chilli dust is the best doses in controlling white fly.

Keywords: Spiraling white fly, Wheel powder, Chilli dust
Guava

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: mithuhort@yahoo.com (MS Alam)

How to cite this article: Alam MS and Begum  HA (2017). Combination of wheel powder and chilli dust for controlling guava spiraling white fly (Aleurodicus dispersus Russel). International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(2): 14-18.

Md. Saleh Uddin¹, Kazi Md. Wayaz Hossain², Md. Ali Newaz²

¹Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Rahmatpur, Barisal-8211, Bangladesh
²Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Combining ability and genetic architecture for salinity tolerance traits in wheat to determine the nature and extent of gene action on salinity tolerant characters. Combining ability analysis revealed that significant general combining ability ( GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for all the characters viz. shoot length, reduction of shoot length (RSL), total shoot dry matter (TDM), reduction of shoot dry matter (RSDM), relative total dry matter (RTDM), scoring based on RTDM and visual scoring indication involvement of both additive and non-additive gene actions in the inheritance of these salinity traits. GCA: SCA exhibited less than one suggesting preponderance non-additive gene action for controlling these characters. No single parent contained all the desirable traits. P45 and P33 were appeared to be the best general combiner for salt tolerance traits. The cross P1 X P15, P11 X P15 and P15 X P22 were found the best specific combiner for the traits. The best cross involved poor x poor general combiner indicating over dominance and transgressive segregation gene action on resistance of salt. Vr-Wr analysis also showed over dominant type of gene action in the inheritance of salt tolerance trait.

Keywords: Salinity tolerance, Traits, Wheat, Diallel analysis

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: mdsaleh03@yahoo.com (MS Uddin)

How to cite this article: Uddin MS, KMW Hossain and Newaz MA (2017). Genetics for salinity tolerance traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L) using diallel analysis. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(2): 19-23.

Md. Shyduzzaman Roni¹, Mohammad Zakaria¹, M. Mofazzal Hossain¹, Md. Golam Rasul², Sushan Chowhan³

¹Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
²Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
³Adaptive Research and Extension Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Sub-station, Khagrachari, Bangladesh

The present study was aimed to determine the optimum nitrogen level and plant spacing for increasing growth and yield of broccoli. Experiment was done at the Horticultural Research farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during the winter season. There were 15 treatments in the experiment comprising five levels of N (0, 80, 120,160 and 200 kg/ha), three plant spacing (60cm × 60cm, 60cm × 45cm and 60cm × 30cm) to determine optimum level of nitrogen and spacing for higher growth and yield of broccoli. The highest plant heights (75.4 cm), leaves/plant (17.8) and SPAD value (71.3) were recorded at 60 DAT from the plants treated with S₆₀×₆₀N₂₀₀. The highest canopy spreading (70.6 cm), stem diameter (38.2 mm), leaf size (335.8 cm²), curd diameter (20.8 cm), secondary curd per plant (7.0) and curd weight (480.8 g) were also noted with S₆₀×₆₀N₂₀₀. The maximum curd length (16.0 cm) and the highest yield (28.7 t ha^-1) were obtained from S₆₀×₃₀N₂₀₀. Results demonstrated that, treatment combination S_60×60N₂₀₀ performed the best in most characteristics but the maximum yield per hectare was recorded with S_60×30N₂₀₀.

Keywords: Nitrogen, Plant spacing, Broccoli, Curd yield

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: roni.bsmrau@gmail.com (MS Roni)

How to cite this article: Roni MS, Zakaria M, Hossain MM, Rasul MG and Chowhan S (2017). Effects of plant spacing and nitrogen levels on the growth and yield of broccoli. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(2): 24-29.

Sharif Uddin, Sadhan Chandra Sarker, Md. Idris Miah, Somen Dewan, Md. Bazlur Rashid Chowdhury

Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

The study revealed the results on the toxicity of insecticide to spawn Oreochromis niloticus and and fingerlings of O. niloticus and P gonionotus. The concentrations of Sumithion and Nogos required for 48 hours LD_0, LD_50, and LD₁₀₀  were found to vary widely with the species and size of the fish. The ranges of LD_0, LD_50, and LD₁₀₀ values recorded were 1 ppm to 6 ppm, 1.85 ppm to 8.8 ppm and 4 ppm to 12 ppm respectively for Sumithion, and 4 ppm to 10 ppm, 7.35 ppm to 13.6 ppm and 10 ppm to 16 ppm respectively for Nogos. The safe application rates of Sumithion and Nogos were also found to vary from species to species and the ranges recorded were 0.46 ppm to 4.4 ppm for Sumithion and 2.94 ppm to 8.50 ppm for Nogos. Of the two species, P. gonionotus was found to be more resistant to toxicity of insecticides than O. niloticus. Between the two size groups of O. niloticus spawn was found to be very susceptible to toxic effect of insecticides than the fingerlings. However, between the two insecticides Sumithion was found to be more toxic to fish than Nogos.

Keywords: Sumithion, Nogos, Tilapia

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: sharifuddin_15@yahoo.com (S Uddin)

How to cite this article: Uddin S, Sarker SC, Miah MI, Dewan S and Chowdhury MBR (2017). Toxic effects of insecticides on Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(2): 30-37.

Nasrin Akter¹, Mohammad A. Rahim² and Md. Shamsul Alam³ 

Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

The present experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of rootstocks on the success, survivability and growth of cleft grafted different citrus species, at the Germplasm Centre of the Fruit Tree Improvement Program (FTIP). Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from August, 2010 to October, 2011. The experiment consisted of three different citrus species as Kagji Lebu (Citrus aurantifoia), Elachi Lebu (Citrus limon) and Pummelo (Citrus grandis). Graft combinations of each other were considered as treatments of the experiment. The two-factor experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Significant variations were found among the grafts with respect to most of the parameters studied. Rootstock of pumello required maximum time for bud breaking (23.78 days), leaf opening (25.78 days) and produced the highest number of branches (1.65), leaves (3.87) with the highest graft success (99.82%) and survivability (99.40%) whereas, the rootstock of lime took minimum time for bud breaking (21.10 days) and leaf opening (23.18 days) and produced the lowest number of leaves (2.43). But the rootstock of lemon contributed to the development of the highest graft height (9.43cm) with the lowest branch number (0.64), graft success (99.09%) and survivability (97.08%). In respect of effect of scion the pumello scion needed maximum time to bud breaking (23.67 days) and leaf opening (25.58 days) and produced the highest branch number (2.34), leaf number (25.35) and canopy volume (138.64cm³) with the maximum graft success (99.83%) and survivability (99.20%). On the other hand scion of lime took minimum time to bud breaking (21.02 days) and leaf opening (23.11 days) and produced the lowest leaf number (16.39) and canopy volume (122.14cm3). But the scion of lemon contributed to the highest graft height (36.62cm) with the lowest graft success (99.15%) and survivability (97.12%). The combination of stock and scion of pumello required maximum time to bud breaking (23.60 days) and leaf opening (25.67  days) and produced the highest branch number (2.34), leaf number(39.18), canopy volume (149.73cm³), graft success (99.82%) and survivability (99.21%) with the lowest graft height (37.33cm). On the other hand the combination of stock and scion of lime needed minimum time to bud breaking (21.00 days) and leaf opening (23.00 days) and produce the lowest leaf number (27.00) and canopy volume (127.11cm³). But stock and scion combination of lemon contributed to the development of highest graft height (45.40cm) with the lowest branch number (0.58), graft success (99.02%) and survivability (97.05%). From the above results it may be concluded that the rootstock and scion of pumello had remarkable effect on the highest graft success and survivability with dwarf plant of large canopy. But rootstock of lemon had influence to produce tall plant.

Keywords: Stionic relationship, Cleft grafting, Citrus, Lime, Lemon, Pumello

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: mithuhort@yahoo.com (MS Alam)

How to cite this article: Akter N, Rahim MA and Alam MS (2017). Stionic relationship among three citrus species using cleft grafting. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(2): 38-45.

Abu Rayhan, Subhash Chandra Chakraborty, Rakhi Das

Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

This experiment was conducted to prepare and evaluate the quality and shelf-life of smoke Thai pangas (Pangasius hypopthalmus) prepared by using two treatments viz. Treatment ‘A’ at 60^o C temperature and treatment ‘B’ at 75^oC temperature under the laboratory condition. The smoking of the fish fillets in these treatments were done in locally made improved smoking kiln. The quality of smoked fish in both treatments were evaluated at ambient temperature and refrigerated temperature during which the sensory, biochemical, and bacterial evaluation was done. Organoleptic evaluation showed that that the smoked fish stored at ambient temperature attain a shelf- life of 05 & 06 days in treatments ‘A’ and ‘B ‘ respectively. However, the products of the two treatments  ‘A’ , ‘ B’ , stored at refrigerated temperature (4^o C) showed a longer shelf – life for 60 and 66 days respectively and it was revealed that the treatment  ‘B’ had the longer shelf-life with all its sensory attributes and quality within an acceptable condition. Biochemical assessment showed a little increasing of protein, lipid, and ash contents due to loss of moisture during smoking. There was no significant change in protein, lipid and ash contents in both the two treatments during the storage condition. TVB-N contents increased with time up to rejection level with the progress of storage period in both ambient and refrigerated storage condition. Considering all the quality parameters of the hot smoked products at 75^o C showed a longer shelf of 66 days.

Keywords: Temperature, Smoked Thai pangus, Bangladesh

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: rayhanbau@gmail.com (Abu Rayhan)

How to cite this article: Rayhan A, Chakraborty SC and Das R (2017). Effect of temperature on the quality of smoked Thai pangas (Pangasius hypopthalamus). International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(2): 46-53.

Mehnaz Abbasi Badhan¹, Bipul Roy¹, Shibly Akib Sifat²

¹Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University-2202, Bangladesh
²University of Trier, Universitätring 15, 54296 Trier, Germany

The study was conducted at Kalyanpur slum area, Dhaka, during October 2015 to March 2016 to investigate the present situation of water supply and sanitation. Information was collected from respondents through survey using prescribed questionnaire. Sixty households were randomly selected for the research purpose. From the study most of the people are illiterate and have no basic knowledge about water supply and sanitation. They are using direct WASA (Water Supply and Sewerage Authority) water for drinking purpose as a result they are suffering from different diseases, of them 56% affected by diarrhoea. About 93.33% respondents defecate openly as a result it creates unhygienic condition for the slum people. Most of the people (80%) are unsatisfied with their present toilet status but they have no financial ability to upgrade hygiene toilet. Many of them have no proper training about sanitation. It was recommended that stringent environmental monitoring of the sanitation system be put in place to minimize any potential environmental impacts.

Keywords: Water supply, Sanitation, Kalynpur slum

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: mehnaz_badhan@yahoo.com (MA Badhan)

How to cite this article: Badhan MA, Roy B and Sifat SA (2017). Water supply and sanitation situation of Kalyanpur slum area in Dhaka. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(2): 54-59.

Nizam Uddin Ahmed¹, Zannatul Ferdous^2,3, Nashir Uddin Mahmud⁴, Afzal Hossain⁵, Md. Asad Uz Zaman⁶

¹Scientific Officer, Tuber Crop Research Sub-station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Munsigonj, Bangladesh
²Senior Scientific Officer, On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Station, Alamnagar, Rangpur, Bangladesh
³Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
⁴Senior Scientific Officer, Soil Science Division, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jessore, Bangladesh
⁵Scientific Officer, On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Station, Alamnagar, Rangpur, Bangladesh
⁶Scientific Officer, Rice Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur, Bangladesh

Unbalanced use of chemical fertilizer is a problem in the intensive cropping systems on the Central part of Bangladesh. Proper nutrient management is essential to maximize potato production and sustain agricultural production while minimizing negative impacts on the soil fertility. The aim of the present study was to effect of spilt application of N, potato yields and soil fertility in response to environmental impact. A field experiment was conducted at Tuber Crops Research Sub Centre (TCRSC), Munshiganj during rabi season 2014-2015 to evaluate the performance of maximizing potato production through split application of N fertilizer. Six treatments viz. T₁= control (no urea), T₂= Two splits (1/2 nitrogen at 10DAP and 1/2at the 30DAP), T3= Two splits (1/2 nitrogen at 15DAP and 1/2at the 45DAP) T₄=Three splits (¹/₃ nitrogen at 10 DAP , ¹/₃ at the 30 DAP and ¹/₃ at the 50 DAP), T₅=Four splits (¹/₄ nitrogen at 5 DAP , ¹/₄ at the 20 DAP, ¹/₄ at the 35 DAP and¹/₄ at the 50 DAP) along with T₆= existing practice (FRG, 2012 of two splits) were evaluated for this purpose . The result indicated that the highest tuber yield (35.75 t/ha) was found from T₅= Four splits (¹/₄ nitrogen at 5 DAP, ¹/₄ at the 20 DAP, ¹/₄ at the 35 DAP and¹/₄ at the 50 DAP) treatment. The lowest tuber yield was obtained from control treatment.

Keywords: N fertilizer, Split application,Nutrient management, Tuber yield, Potato

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: zferdous80@gmail.com (Z. Ferdous)

How to cite this article: Ahmed NU, Ferdous Z, Mahmud NU, Hossain  A and Zaman MAU  (2017). Effect of split application of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum). International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(2): 60-66.

Pabitra Kumar Das¹, Bipul Roy¹, Afroza Mahzabeen Anannya², Md. Al Mussabir Hossen¹, Suman C. Mohanta³, Md. Aminul Islam¹

¹Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
²Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Bangladesh
³Department of Chemistry, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore-7408, Bangladesh

The study was conducted to investigate the present scenario of solid waste and its management practice at Dhaka Cantonment area. Huge solid wastes are generated every day in these areas but the waste management is not properly done because of their irregular waste management activities and unconsciousness. Maximum respondents (40%) discharged 1-5 kg solid waste from their households in a week. Among the other respondents 12%, 16% and 32% household discharged 6-10 kg, 11-15 kg and 15 kg and above solid waste respectively from their house in a week. A majority percent of people dumps the produced solid waste near their home which produce various hazards in human health and environment. It was revealed from the study that due to lack of people knowledge about solid waste management, lack of adequate budget for waste management, lack of available transport vehicles for waste management, lack of proper solid waste treatment plant etc. The total solid waste management system required following the recommendation which include proper planning, creating awareness, developing infrastructure, providing logistic support and finally involving NGOs, CBOs, public in this process. The municipality and other related NGOs should work together to solve these issues.

Keywords: Waste Management, Dhaka Cantonment Area

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: bipulest@gmail.com (Bipul Roy)

How to cite this article: Das PK, Roy B, Anannya AM, Hossen MAM, Mohanta SC and Islam MA (2017). Solid wastes management system at Dhaka cantonment area of Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(2): 67-72.

Zinat Shahjada, Khalid Hussain, Md. Monowarul Islam, Showmitra Majumder, Imam Hasan, Marzia Rahman, Sukumar Saha

Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

The study was conducted for the isolation and identification of bacteria causing omphalitis in layer and broiler chicks as well as to assess their antibiogram profiles. Samples were collected from Phenix hatchery, Gazipur. The swab samples from unhealed navel were subjected to isolation and identification of bacteria by cultural, staining and biochemical tests. The isolates thus obtained were studied for their in vitro antibiotic sensitivity by disc diffusion method against 5 commonly used antibiotics. Escherichia coli (28%), Salmonella spp. (38%), Staphylococcus spp. (34%) from broiler chicks and Escherichia coli (32%), Salmonella spp. (36%), Staphylococcus spp. (32%) from layer chicks were identified. Salmonella spp. was more prevalent in day 1-3 of broiler (22%), layer (23%). All the bacterial isolates tested exhibited higher susceptibility to Ampicillin, Gentamicin and Kanamycin at day 1-3 and resistant to Kanamycin and Tetracyclin at day 4-7. Multidrug Resistant Organisms (MDROs) were also found which suggested that appropriate antibiotic should be provided before antibiotic therapy of chickens. Data of this study would be helpful for prevention and control of omphalitis in hatchery.

Keywords: Bacteria, Omphalistis, Chicks of Broiler, Layer Antibiotic profile

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: sukumar07@gmail.com (Sukumar Saha)

How to cite this article: Shahjada Z, Hussain K, Islam MM, Majumder S, Hasan I, Rahman M and Saha S (2017). Bacteria causing omphalitis in newly hatched chicks from Broiler and Layer flocks and their antibiotic profiles. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(2): 73-81.

Md. Moniruzzaman¹, N. Tabassum¹, Abu Rayhan², Md. Nazmul Hossen³, M. Nazrul Islam⁴

¹Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
²Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
³Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
⁴Graduate Training Institute, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Data were collected from 80 respondents in different areas in Lalmonirhat town. For study purpose 536 households were selected. Among them 80 (15%) households were chosen as sample for this study. The quantity of livestock /poultry waste was calculated by multiplication of the production head^-1 day^-1 and expressed the results in kg. The highest 26.2% respondents were sign only and lowest 6.3% were primary level. Maximum 45% of the respondents had high waste, 36.3% of the respondents had low waste and 18.7% of the respondents had medium waste condition. The highest portion 62.5% dustbins were absent and lowest 15% were fair. The respondents stored there wastes in various sites from which 23.8% on the dustbin, 20.0% on the road and drain side, 32.4% on the open place and 23.8% in pit. The municipality collects the wastes at different times. The highest 33.8% respondents made the environment filthy and lowest 12.5% had known nothing about pollution. Maximum 67.5% of the respondents were transported waste by others facilities like (poly bag, basket, net bag etc.) and the lowest 8.8% were transported by trolley. The highest waste collection 52.5% was irregular and the lowest waste collection was two/three day/month. The majority 38.8% respondents were disposed their waste at no fixed time of the day and the lowest 3.8% respondents were disposed their waste at noon. The maximum 27.5% respondents had facing lack of dustbin and only 2.5% realized no CBM (Community based management) .Total 50% of the respondents used waste as a fertilizer and the rest 50% of the respondents didn’t do it. All of the wastes produced in municipal areas had been dumped at different open places of the municipality for landfill purposes. Highest 45% respondents indicated that the dumpsite made the place dirty and rest of the 13.8% respondents had no concern about effect of dumpsite. The respondents 25% had suffered from respiratory disease, 10% suffered by malaria, 32.5% suffered by diarrhea, 3.8% suffered by cholera, 6.3% suffered by eye irritating, 7.5% suffered by nausea, 5% suffered by vomiting and rest 10% were no disease condition. Highest 37.5% respondents were said to improve the dumping facility and lowest 3.8% said about need CBM facility.

Keywords: Waste, Management, Lalmonirhat

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: monirenvsc@gmail.com (M  Moniruzzaman)

How to cite this article: Moniruzzaman M, Tabassum N, Rayhan A, Hossen MN and Islam MN (2017). Waste management system on the environment in Lalmonirhat town. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(2): 82-92.

Shipon Das¹, Md. Akhtar Hossain¹, M Mojibar Rahman², Angkur Mohammad Imteazzaman², Md Shiadul Mofasshalin³

¹Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
²The WorldFish, Bangladesh and South Asia, Banani, Dhaka–1213, Bangladesh
³Upazila Fisheries Officer, Department of Fisheries, Taraganj, Rangpur- 5420, Bangladesh

Efforts for the evaluation of performances and development of innovation were taken through fish culture in ponds (mean area of 0.038 ha and water depth of 1.19m) by the poor and extreme poor farmers (average annual income of 10,000-40,000 Tk) during October, 2009 to January, 2010 at Nachole upazila of Chapainawabgonj district, a drought prone Barind area of Bangladesh. The study was conducted under three treatments of monoculture of fishes (T₁: bighead carp, Aristichthys nobilis; T₂: sarpunti, Puntius gonionotus and T₃: tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus), each with two replications. Mean initial stocking weight (g) of fish was 20.00±0.00, 16.00±5.83 and 40.00±3.00 with the treatments T_­1, T₂ and T₃, respectively. Total stocking biomass (400 kg/ha) of fishes were found same for all the treatments. Ponds under different treatments were found with same liming (1kg/decimal as basal dose only), fertilization (basal dose: urea-200g/decimal, T.S.P.- 200g/decimal, cowdung: 5kg/decimal and periodic dose: urea-150g/decimal/month, T.S.P.- 150g/decimal/month, cowdung: 6kg/decimal/month) and feeding (mustard oil cake 50% and rice bran 50% at 3% of fish body weight for first 5 weeks and 2% for next 5 weeks). Water quality parameters were monitored monthly. Temperature, transparency, depth, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity and ammonia-nitrogen of water varied from 22.66±0.65–23.06±1.13°C, 9.66+2.22–16.06±6.28cm, 0.77±0.02–1.20±0.04m, 3.76±0.16–4.77±0.38mg/l, 6.53±0.10–6.92±0.09, 16.61±0.36–20.56±1.18mg/l and 0.003±0.001–0.005±0.002mg/l, respectively under different treatments. Mean final weight (g), weight gain (g), SGR (%,bwd^-1) and survival rate (%) of fishes significantly (P<0.05) varied from 85.10±0.00 (T₂) to 182.00±1.00 (T₃), 69.10±2.00 (T₂) to 142.00±1.00 (T₃), 1.30±0.00 (T₃) to 1.38±0.00 (T₁ and T₂) and 62.00±2.00 (T₂) to 95.00±1.00 (T₃), respectively. Mean fish yield (kg/ha/4 months) significantly varied from 1058.19±97.81 (T₂) to 1332.81±22.43 (T₃). Net benefit (Tk/ha) significantly varied from 11750.45±366.75 (T₂) to 32103.60±815.10 (T₃). This study indicated that better performance was found with treatment T₃ for pond farming by the poor and extreme poor farmers under drought prone Barind area.

Keywords: Fish culture, Ponds, Barind area, Bangladesh

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: shiponbfri@yahoo.com (Shipon Das)

How to cite this article: Das S, Hossain MA, Rahman MM, Imteazzaman  AM and Mofasshalin MS (2017). Fish culture in ponds under drought prone Barind area of Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(2): 93-102.