M Mojibar Rahman¹,  Shipon Das²,  Md. Abdus Samad², Iftee Aziz Tanu², Md. Shiadul Mofasshalin³

¹The WorldFish- Bangladesh and South Asia Office, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh
²Department of  Fisheries, University of  Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
³Upazila Fisheries Officer, Department of Fisheries, Taraganj, Rangpur-5420, Bangladesh

The growth, production and economics of three Indian major carps (Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cirrhina mrigala) and three exotic carps (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Cyprinus carpio) were reared in polyculture under fertilized and supplementary feeding conditions for a period of six months during April to September, 2009 at Nischintopur under Bagha Upazila of Rajshahi district. There were two treatments with three replications each. Treatments were: T₁) the fertilizers viz. urea+TSP+cow dung+ poultry droppings were applied weekly at the rate 35 kg/ha, 12 kg/ha, 230 kg/ha and 60 kg/ha respectively; T₂) the supplementary feeds given to fishes were consisting of rice bran (30%), mustard oil cake (25%), fish meal (10%) and maize bran (35%) at the rate of 3-5% of the body weight per day. The ponds were stocked with fish fingerlings at 5000/ha in the ratio of 5:2:3:8:3:1. The ranges of physico-chemical factors of water such as water temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, pH were found suitable and comparatively better in T₂. The highest growth rate by length and weight of all the fishes was recorded in T₂. There were statistically significant differences in the production of fish between two treatments (2360 kg/ha in T₁ and 4022.5 kg/ha in T₂). The cost and return were 132500 Tk. and 192275 Tk. in T₁ and 177500 Tk. and 335812.5 Tk. in T₂ respectively. The benefit-cost ratio was 1:0.45 in T₁ and 1:0.89 in T₂.

Keywords: Carps, Polyculture, Fertilizer, Feed, Ponds.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: mojibar.ripon@gmail.com (MM Rahman)

How to cite this article: Rahman MM, Das S, Samad MA, Tanu IA and Mofasshalin MS (2017). Growth, production and economics of carp polyculture in fertilizer and feed based ponds. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(3): 01-09.

Md. Tariqul Islam¹, A.F.M Shahidullah², Shubhagata Das³, Md. Abdul Alim³, Md. Shafiqul Islam³

¹Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh
²Officer-customer service, Kazi farms group, Bangladesh
³Department of Pathology & Parasitology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh

An adult male stray dog of non descriptive breed with a cauliflower like growth in the penile region was admitted in S. A. Quaderi Teaching Veterinary Hospital (SAQTVH), Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU). A detailed clinicopathological and histopathological examination of the tumor mass were preformed to diagnose the case. The results of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and histopathology confirmed the case as canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT). Under light microscopes, the tumor mass showed sheets of numerous neoplastic round cells with characteristic features and hyperchromatic nuclei. No evidence of metastasis was observed as all other visceral organs and lymphoid tissues of the vicinity were found free form neoplastic changes. Besides, depending on the histological features of the tumor mass the case was designated as progressive phage of CTVT.

Keywords: CTVT, Stray dog, FNAB, Histopathology .

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: tariqcvasu@gmail.com (Md. Tariqul Islam)

How to cite this article: Islam MT, Shahidullah AFM, Das S, Alim MA and Islam MS (2017). Progressive type canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) in a male stray dog. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(3): 10-16.

Mahmuda Islam, Md. Azizul Haq Fakir, Md. Atawar Rahman, Khair Ahmed Choudhury

Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

The study was conducted to determine the quality of dahi (yogurt) of three districts viz Bogra, Tangail, and Mymensingh of Bangladesh. For this total of thirty six dahi samples were collected from twelve renowned dahi or sweetmeat producers of the fore mentioned districts (Four sample were from each district and three replications were made for each sample). All the samples when analysed for their physical (organoletpic) and microbiological quality exhibited wide variation. The overall acceptability of the product varied with an average score of 74.01 (SD±5.36). The count of total viable organisms and coliform were in the range of 4-356.66×10⁶, 0-45x 10 CFU/gm respectively. Sample average grand mean for Gram positive rods content was 38.11% with a standard deviation (SD) of ±15.63. However, from the result of all parameters, dahi of Bogra was the best followed that dahi of Mymensingh and Tangail. The 2^nd and 3^rd position were adorned by dahi of Mymensingh and Tangail respectively. But from the hygienic point of view Tangail was in 2^nd and Mymensingh 3^rd in position. A wide range of variation of different parameters was noticed within dahi of different districts. Sweetmeat makers were suggested not to adulterate milk during dahi preparation and also to follow strict hygienic conditions in order to get good quality.

Keywords: Dahi, Yogurt, Quality, Microorganism.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: mahmuda_moon@yahoo.com (Mahmuda Islam)

How to cite this article: Islam M, Fakir MAH, Rahman MA and Choudhury KA (2017). Comparative assessment of dahi (yogurt) collected from different areas of Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(3): 17-25.

Akbar Hossain¹, M.R. Islam², K.A.M.M. Rahman³, M.H. Rashid³, A. Anwari⁴

¹Wheat Research Center, BARI, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh
²Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh
³Tuber Crops Research Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh
⁴Pomology Division, HRC, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

The present investigation was conducted during rabi season of 2016-17 in the research farm of Wheat Research Centre (WRC), Dinajpur, Bangladesh to evaluate the performance of three wheat varities which are recently released by BARI (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute). Treatments were three sowing dates viz., early sowing (1^st November), optimum sowing (15^th November) and late sowing (30^th December), and three recently released wheat varieties namely ‘Shatabdi’, ‘BARI Gom 27’ and ‘BARI Gom 28’. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. Three sowing dates were arranged in main plots and three wheat varieties were in sub-plots. Phenology data on days to emergence, days to booting, days to heading and days to physiological maturity; growth data on plants m^-2, tillers m^-2, and yield and yield components’ data on spikes m^-2, plant height at harvest, spike length, spikelets spike^-1, grains spike^-1, 1000-grain weight, harvest index, biomass yield at harvest and grain yield were recorded for drawing valid conclusions. Except few, most of the parameters were significantly influenced by sowing dates and varieties. Among the three sowing dates, the highest grain yield was obtained from optimum sowing (15^th November) sowing and the lowest was from late sowing (December 30^th). Among the varieties, ‘BARI Gom 28’ was found significantly superior to all other varieties with respect to spikelets spike^-1, grains spike^-1, 1000-grain weight, harvest index, biomass and grain yield. Considering on grain yield, the maximum grain yield was obtained from ‘BARI Gom 28’ and the lowest was in ‘BARI Gom 27’. The combine effect between sowing dates and variety were influenced significantly in respect of yield and yield attributes except spike length. Among three varieties ‘BARI Gom 28’ produced significantly the highest grain yield in 15^th November followed by ‘Shatabdi’ at the same sowing date and the lowest grain yield was recorded from ‘BARI Gom 27’on 30^th December sowing. Therefore, it can be concluded that ‘BARI Gom 28’ is the best variety, followed by ‘Shatabdi’ and ‘BARI Gom 27’ for producing higher grain yield and November 15^th is the best time for sowing wheat, whereas December 30^th is the worst sowing condition that negatively effect on grain yield of wheat.

Keywords: Wheat, Phenology, Growth, Yield, Sowing times, Heat stress.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: tanjimar2003@yahoo.com (Akbar Hossain)

How to cite this article: Hossain A, Islam MR, Rahman KAMM, Rashid MH and Anwari A (2017). Comparative performance of three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties under heat stress. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(3): 26-42.

Bipul Roy¹, Suman C. Mohanta²

¹Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
²Department of Chemistry, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore-7408, Bangladesh

A survey of water supply and sanitation status at Dhopakhola Bosti of Mymensingh district was done using questionnaires, interviews, observations and secondary data from other sources. Only 2.81% people have secondary level education. Lack of basic sanitation system threatens environmental and human health in this low income urban community. Only 14% of the respondents washed their hands after defecation and before taking food of them, 41% sometimes wash their hand and 45% don’t wash their hand after defecation and before taking food. Local government was not actively involved in improving sanitation status in the study area as compared to nongovernmental organizations (NGO). The survey also indicates that the sanitation condition of study area was poor but water supply condition was found to be acceptable condition. Mymensingh municipality needs to raise public awareness about the safe and hygienic water supply and sanitation to improve the present situation of that area.

Keywords: Water supply, Sanitation, Low income area.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: smohantabd@yahoo.com (SC Mohanta)

How to cite this article: Roy B and Mohanta SC (2017). Water supply and sanitation status of low income area in Mymensingh District. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(3): 43-48.

MA Hossain¹, MAS Khan¹, MA Hashem² 

¹Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
²Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

The present study was conducted to find out the present condition of native cattle, their rearing habit, milk production, fat%, some important reproductive parameters, blood parameters, climate effects and birth weight of calves and give important suggestion for production constraints. Data was compiled statistically only for tabular, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Eighty three local cows and 17 heifers were taken under this study from 72 farmers. Body weight and condition score, average daily feed intake, daily milk yield, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, the fat percentage, age at first calving, calving interval and birth weight of the local calves were 173.23 ± 32.03 kg and 2.55 ± 0.34, 12.5 kg (fresh basis) and 7.72 kg (DM basis), 1.43 ± 0.58 kg., 7.8 ±1.00 (g/100 ml), 52 ± 52.10 (%) and 57.6 ± 9.1g/kg, 52.8 ± 13.32 months, 417.6 ± 109.5 days, 14.43 ± 2.56 kg respectively. Average number of eggs of parasite was 53 per gm of feces. So considering the trial parameters indigenous cows rearing under rural condition was a profitable practice in selected areas minimizing effect of climate stress and thrives well in hot and humid temperature maintaining phenotypic and productive performance of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Zebu cattle, Production performance, Climate, Semi- integrated.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: anwar.kbd82@gmail.com (MA Hossain)

How to cite this article: Hossain MA, Khan MAS and Hashem MA (2017). Phenotypic and production performance of indigenous zebu cattle (Bos indicus) under hot and humid temperature in Mymensingh district. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(3): 49-57.

Mohammad Sohel Rana, Farjana Boby, Md. Shahiduzzaman  

Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Cryptosporidium is an intracellular zoonotic protozoan parasites that infect the gastrointestinal tract of humans and causes a diarrheal disease, cryptosporidiosis. Stool act as a great reservoir for contamination with water and oro-faecal is the most potential medium of transmission. The study was aimed to isolate and molecular identification of Cryptosporidium from stool samples of patients at Shurjo kanto Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Samples were collected from children (under 6 years of age) and adult patients (above 20 years of age) having history of diarrhoea. Cryptosporidium were detected by the conventional Ziehl- Neelsen staining method and PCR. By microscopy Cryptosporidium were primarily detected positive in 10 from 30 samples, of 4(10) in children under 6 years of age and 6(20) in adults patients above 20 years of age, which were further confirmed by PCR. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium in 33% of all patients, of which 40% of children were at the age of less than 6 years and 30% were at the age of beyond 20 years old patients admitted in Shurjo kanto Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Altogether, the study revealed that age has significant effects on the occurrences of the Cryptosporidium infection that causes diarrhea. However further studies are needed to investigate the presence of Cryptosporidium in more patients throughout the year in order to better understanding about the status of Cryptosporidium infection in human.

Keywords: Cryptosporidium, Human stool, Bangladesh.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: szaman@bau.edu.bd (M Shahiduzzman)

How to cite this article: Rana MS, Boby F, Shahiduzzaman M (2017). Isolation and molecular identification of Cryptosporidium from human stool. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(3): 58-62.

Humaun Kabir Sickder, Wanchai Lertwathanawilat, Hunsa Sethabouppha, Nongkran Viseskul

Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Thailand

Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common complications in surgery around the world. The objectives of this study were to determine prevalence rate of SSI in patients undergoing elective general and orthopedics surgical operations in a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh and to identify their causative pathogens. The study was conducted among 828 patients recruited from those admitted to the general and orthopedics surgical departments of the hospital during a period of 5 months. A SSI surveillance record form was used for identifying and diagnosing SSI within 30 days of hospital stay. Causative pathogens were identified from laboratory results. The study revealed that the overall prevalence rate of SSI was 14.13% and that the 3 most common pathogens isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (41.9%); Escherichia. coli (30.8%); and Enterococcus spp. (12%). It can be concluded that the hospital has a high prevalence rate of SSI. Therefore, developing SSI preventive strategies are recommended. Research should be conducted in order to identify existing risk factors for SSI in elective cases.

Keywords: Surgical site, Infection, Bangladesh.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: humaunsickder@gmail.com (HK Sickder)

How to cite this article: Sickder HK, Lertwathanawilat W, Sethabouppha H and Viseskul N (2017). Prevalence of surgical site infection in a tertiary-level hospital in Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(3): 63-68.

J. M. Nahid Nahian, Sharif Md. Ismail Hossain, Md. Shamsul Arifin, Md. Zakaria Islam, Md. Selim Ahmed

Department of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Babugonj, Barisal-8210, Bangladesh

A research was conducted to obtain the prevalence of diseases and disorders of cattle at Lalmohan Upazila, Bhola, Bangladesh. The study was performed from January to March, 2016.  An entire of 90 sick cattle were examined and analyzed at the time of study where young 25.56%, growing 34.44% and adult 40%; local breed 78.89% as well as cross breed 21.11%. Each of the clinical case was diagnosed on the basis of history, general examination, physical examination and clinical findings. Among the clinical cases, endoparasitic infestation 15.56% was the highest in all recorded cases. Furthermore, FMD 8.89%, bovine ephemeral fever 7.78%, diarrhea/enteritis 7.78%, mastitis 4.44 %, black quarter 1.11 %, pneumonia 2.22 %, rabies 2.22%, myiasis 3.33%, ectoparasitic infestation 5.56%, bloat 6.67%, ruminal acidosis 4.44%, retention of placenta 2.22%, wound 2.22%, anoestrus 4.44%, dermatitis 3.33% and dermatophytosis 2.22% were also commonly recorded. It was reported that local breed (78.89%) were highly susceptible than cross breed (21.11%) cattle.  In relation to age, adult cattle (40%) were found more infected with diseases and disorders as compared with calf (25.56%) and growing age (34.44%) cattle. Immunoprophylaxis and hygienic management should be initiated to curb the prevalence of common diseases and disorders in cattle. So further epidemiological and laboratory study should be needed to confirm the etiology, prevention and control measures of the diseases and disorders in cattle at study area.

Keywords: Incidence, Common diseases, Disorders, Cattle.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: selimpstu476@pstu.ac.bd (MS Ahmed)

How to cite this article: Nahian JMN, Hossain SMI, Arifin MS, Islam MZ and Ahmed MS (2017). Common diseases and disorders of cattle at Lalmohan upazila, Bhola. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(3): 69-75.

M. Mehedi Raquib¹, Abu Rayhan¹, Md. Ismail Hossain¹, Sonia Sku¹, Shaheed Nasrullah Al Mamun²

¹Department Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
²Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

The effects of different types of packaging on the shelf life of Rohu fish (Labeo rohita) fillets in ice temperature were studies. Three types of packaging conditions were maintained those were non-pack, air-tight pack and vacuum pack conditions. The comparative study included determining of organoleptic, biochemical and bacteriological aspects. The organoleptic qualities of Rohu (Labeo rohita) fillets during ice storage were assessed on the basis of the sensory evaluation such as appearance, odour, texture and taste. On the basis of the score, the non-packed iced fillet samples were found in acceptable condition after 12 days in ice storage. In case of air-tight and vacuum packed fillets, the storage period extended over 18 days with acceptable scores in ice storage. The initial pH values of non-packed, air-tight packed and vacuum packed fillets were 6.98, 6.95 and 6.97, respectively in ice storage. The maximum pH value was 9.40, found in non-packed fillet after 18 days of ice storage. The final pH values of non-packed, air-tight packed and vacuum packed fillets were 9.4, 7.98 and 6.94, respectively in ice storage. The initial TVB-N values of non-packed, air-tight packed and vacuum packed fillets were 1.94, 1.93 and 1.94 mg/100g, respectively in ice storage. At the end of the experiment, the TVB-N values of non-packed, air-tight packed and vacuum packed fillets were 59.30, 38.70 and 24.25 mg/100g, respectively in ice storage. Here, vacuum packed fillets showed more acceptability than non-packed and air-tight packed fillets in ice storage. The initial peroxide value was 0.98 meq/kg of oil in all types of packaging conditions in ice storage. The final peroxide values were 10.17, 6.12 and 3.1 meq/100g of oil in non-packed, air-tight packed and vacuum packed fillets, respectively after 18 days in ice storage. The myofibrillar protein solubility gradually decreased in all types of packaging conditions. The initial myofibrillar protein solubility values were 90.12, 90.15 and 90.13% in non-packed, air-tight packed and vacuum packed fillets, respectively in ice storage. The final values were 20.50, 37 and 45.25% in non-packed, air-tight packed and vacuum packed fillets, respectively after 18 days of ice storage. Initially, the microbial loads in rohu fillets were 2.51×10⁵, 2.7×10⁵ and 2.66×10⁵ CFU/g in non-packed, air-tight packed and vacuum packed fillets, respectively in ice storage finally, which were 2.82×10⁵, 9.5×10⁴ and 5.8×10⁴ in non-packed, air-tight packed and vacuum packed fillets, respectively. In the present study vacuum packaging gave most acceptances than air-tight packaging and without packaging..

Keywords: Pakaging, Rohu, Ice storage, Quality.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: rayhanbau@gmail.com (Abu Rayhan)

How to cite this article: Raquib MM, Rayhan A, Hossain MI, Sku S and Mamun SNA (2017). Effects of packaging on Rohu (Labeo rohita) fillets during ice storage. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(3): 76-85.