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Upload your required files
These files are required before you can continue to the next step.
- Manuscript
- Cover Letter
- Highlights
- Declaration of competing interests
Instructions for required files
Ensure you have followed the Guide for Authors before uploading your files.
Manuscript
Upload your manuscript in Microsoft Word (.doc/.docx) or PDF format. If you upload a Word document, the system can automatically extract the Title, Abstract, Keywords and Author information.
Declaration of competing interests
If none of the authors have competing interests, simply tick the confirmation checkbox on the left.
Instructions for optional files
Figures, Tables, Supplementary Material and other optional files can be uploaded after the required files.
Upload your optional files
These files are optional and can be uploaded at any time.
We are processing your manuscript file
What will happen next?
You can check the content.
If anything doesn't look right, you'll be able to correct it.
Check or add your title, abstract and keywords
Your title
Your abstract
Your keywords
Separate keywords with semicolon (;)
Submission tasks
- ✓ Choose your article type
- ✓ Upload your submission files
- 3 Check or add your title, abstract and keywords
- 4 Check or add your author details
- 5 Decide if you want to publish open access
- 6 Select your classifications
- 7 Review and submit
Check or add your author details
Submission tasks
- ✓ Choose your article type
- ✓ Upload your submission files
- ✓ Check or add your title, abstract and keywords
- 4 Check or add your author details
- 5 Decide if you want to publish open access
- 6 Select your classifications
- 7 Review and submit
Zhenda Hao
Author Details
Select your classifications
Selected classifications
Submission tasks
- ✓ Choose your article type
- ✓ Upload your submission files
- ✓ Check or add your title, abstract and keywords
- ✓ Check or add your author details
- 5 Select your classifications
- 6 Review and submit
Provide additional information
Preprint Sharing
Would you like your manuscript to be considered for preprint sharing?
Submission tasks
- ✓ Choose your article type
- ✓ Upload your submission files
- ✓ Check or add your title, abstract and keywords
- ✓ Check or add your author details
- ✓ Select your classifications
- 6 Provide additional information
- 7 Review and submit
Review and submit
Required sections complete
Your manuscript is ready to submit.
You can still review the details before submitting.
Ethics in publishing
View our ethics in publishing policy ↗Copyright in publishing
View our copyright terms ↗Submission declarations
- The manuscript has not been published previously except where permitted.
- The manuscript is not under consideration elsewhere.
- All authors have approved this submission.
- The manuscript complies with the Guide for Authors ↗
Acknowledgements
What happens next?
Your manuscript will be sent to the Editorial Office for initial screening.
The corresponding author will receive a confirmation email after successful submission.
Submission tasks
- ✓Choose your article type
- ✓Upload your submission files
- ✓Check or add your title, abstract and keywords
- ✓Check or add your author details
- ✓Select your classifications
- ✓Provide additional information
- 7Review and submit