Salma Sarker¹, Most. Arifunnahar², Bodrun Nessa Shompa³

¹Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
²Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
³Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

We investigate the prevalence of pathogens associated with seeds of some selected local flowers namely cosmos, marigold, and silvia and corms of gladiolus collected from three different locations (Jessore, Savar and Gazipur) were recorded. Germination test for the collected seeds were performed and pathogens were isolated and identified. The seeds from Jessore were better than the others considering incidence of fungi in all other seeds tested. Silvia from Jessore was the lowest affected seed and marigold from savar was the highest affected seed. Fusarium sp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Alternaria alternate, Penicillium, Curvularia, Chaetomium and Cladosporium sp. comprising 9 species were found to be associated with the flower seed sample. The percent of seed borne infection ranged 4-28%, 5- 32.5%, 3-29% and 11- 25% in case of cosmos, marigold, silvia and gladious, respectively.  Silvia was the lowest affected seed (13.5, 18.42 and 8.42 average incidence) and marigold was the highest affected seed (12.18, 19.25 and 11.5% average incidence) collected from Gazipur, Savar, and Jessore, respectively. The result showed that the highest percentage germination of cosmos (86.5%), marigold (77.5%), silvia (54.5%) obtained from Jessore and gladiolus (80%) obtained from Gazipur. So, the seeds collected from Jessore were best germination and seed health quality and can be suggest for using the commercial cultivation of ornamental plants.

Keywords: Seed borne pathogens, Ornamental plants, Bangladesh.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: salmasarker@sau.edu.bd (Salma Sarker)

How to cite this article: Sarker S, Arifunnahar M and Shompa BN (2020). Prevalence of seed borne pathogens of ornamental plants grown in Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 7(4): 01-08. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4015980.

Md. Samiul Haque¹, Md. Shahadat Hossain², Md. Muklesur Rahman³, G.U. Ahsan¹

¹Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
²Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Jhenaidah Government Veterinary College, Jhenaidah, Bangladesh
³Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

A cross sectional study was done to assess the level of knowledge on Nipah (virus) among the community people of  Hatibandha upazilla at Lalmonirhat district in Bangladesh. A total of 215 samples from 3 villages (Borokhada, Shingmari, Dolapara) were selected randomly from Hatibandha upazila in which household were selected by random sampling from each village. Among the respondents 96% people heard about Nipah, 4% have no proper knowledge. The socio-demographic profile of the survey participants were gachhi (date palm sap collector), tree owner and the community people. Gachhi covers 40% of total responded group. The study observed that among 215 respondents most of them (82.3% gachhi) used skirt (a protective covering frame made by bamboo and other materials) and 17.7% did not use skirt during sap collection. 46% people drank raw sap from protective source and 27.4% people did not dink sap from protective source. 39.5% people have the perception that not taking raw sap prevents Nipah. Respondents heard about Nipah but they don’t have proper knowledge about mode of transmission, risk group of disease, symptom, treatment and prevention of the disease. This is because health worker, physicians did not provide the information correctly and low media coverage of the selected areas. Therefore, the study suggests increasing awareness through media communication and proper support from government health sector.

Keywords: Knowledge, Nipah Virus, Lalmonirhat, Bangladesh.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: shahadatvet@gmail.com (Md. Shahadat Hossain)

How to cite this article: Haque MS, Hossain MS, Rahman MM and Ahsan GU (2020). Knowledge and attitude on Nipah at Hatibandha upazilla of Lalmonirhat district in Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 7(4): 09-15. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4231154.

Farhana Rubayet¹, Mustafa Nizamul Aziz², Syeeda Raisa Maliha³, Nafisa Anum Autoshi⁴, Sumaiya Aziz⁵, Shahanara Khatun⁶

¹Anwer Khan Modern Medical College, Dhaka; ^2,3,4East West University, Dhaka; ⁵Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi; ⁶Alimonessa Technical College, Jessore, Bangladesh

This paper aims to find out the recent cases of students committing suicide in the last one year as well as analyzing the cases based on age, gender, educational level, and the reason behind the incidents. The research focuses on the suicide cases committed by students in Bangladesh in the last one year, from July 2019 to June 2020. The paper heavily relies on secondary research from different journals and newspapers. The study shows that female students are more prone to committing suicide compared to men. It also shows that younger school-going students are more likely to commit suicide. The suicide incidents are mostly caused by academic stress, depression, financial crisis, family issues, being raped and blackmailed to release intimate pictures. Further research can be conducted based on primary research. Future research can also focus on specific age groups like very young children as we found out that younger children are more prone to danger.

Keywords: Student suicide, student, student mental health, suicide, suicide in Bangladesh.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: s.aziz.rmc@gmail.com (Sumaiya Aziz)

How to cite this article: Rubayet F, Aziz MN, Maliha SR, Autoshi  NA, Aziz S and Khatun S (2020). Student suicide incidences in Bangladesh: what do the data say? International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 7(4): 16-20. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4255255.

Joyanta Bir, Md Rony Golder, Md. Fahad Al Zobayer, Kishur Kumar Das, Shanchita Zaman Chowdhury, Lopa Mudra Das, Partha Chandra Paul

Fisheries and Marine Resources Technology Discipline, School of Life Science, Khulna University, Khulna-9208

Blue Economy more precisely “ocean-based economies” is now being considered as an auspicious sector in Bangladesh which refers to the proper utilizations of oceanic resources for sustainable economic growth of a region or country. The current review paper has focused on the development of ocean economy by means of enhancing social inclusion, environmental sustainability and innovative, dynamic business models. Bangladesh is blessed with 710 km long coastlines with 200 nautical miles of resourceful Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the Bay of Bengal, creating huge opportunities to bring out a sustainable output through the utilization and optimization of ocean-based resources. Because of being large delta in the world, Bangladesh is enriched with enormous range of marine biodiversity including fishes, shrimps, mollusks, crabs, mammals, seaweeds and creation of employment opportunities. Blue Economy has also opened a new window of opportunities including commerce and trades, tourism, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, use of deep sea port, foreign trade and so forth. But we have some challenges to the perspective of Blue Economy such as frequent floods, marine pollution including Ocean acidification and blue carbon, lack of trained personnel, harmonizing sectoral policies, plans and laws, poor ocean governance and political support etc. Some potential solutions need to be adopted by collaborating different sectors for the development of Blue Economy in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Blue economy, fishes, tourism, opportunities.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: joy@fmrt.ku.ac.bd (Joyanta Bir)

How to cite this article: Bir J, Golder MR, Zobayer MFA, Das KK, Chowdhury SZ, Das LM and Paul PC (2020). A review on blue economy in Bangladesh: prospects and challenges. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 7(4): 21-29. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4270719.

Nupur Akter¹, Mrityunjoy Kunda¹, Ahmed Harun-Al-Rashid¹, SabujKanti Mazumder², Mst. Armina Sultana¹, Debasish Pandit¹

¹Department of Aquatic Resource Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh
²Department of Genetics and Fish Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh MujiburRahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh

This study was conducted from December 2016 to November 2017 to assess the status of fish diversity in the Khiru River of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. Primary data were collected through questionnaire interviews of 80 fishermen, 8 focus group discussions, and 5 key informant interviews. A total of 64 fish and prawn species under 22 families and 11 orders were recorded. Cyprinidae (31.25%) was the most diversified family. On the basis of their availability the recorded species were categorized into four groups: available (35.94%), less available (29.69%), rare (20.31%), and very rare (14.06%). A total of 10 fishing gears under 5 major categories viz., fish nets, fish traps, wounding gears, hooks and lines, and fish aggregating device were recorded. Overfishing, siltation, use of banned fishing gears, irrespective catching of juvenile and brood fishes, katha fishing, etc. were detected as major threats to the fish diversity and habitat degradation of the fishes in this river. Therefore, dredging, use of legally applicable fishing gears, establishment and management of fish sanctuary, community based fisheries management, stocking of economically and nutritionally important indigenous fish species, implementation of fish acts and laws, and increasing fishers’ awareness should be undertaken to conserve the fish diversity in this river.

Keywords: Fish fauna, Diversity, Fishing gears, Threats, Khiru River.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: kunda.sau@gmail.com (Mrityunjoy Kunda)

How to cite this article: Akter N, Kunda M, Rashid AHA, Mazumder S, Sultana MA and Pandit D (2020). Fish biodiversity in the Khiru River of Bangladesh: Present status and threats. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 7(4): 30-39. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4305923.

Mohammad Bashir Mia Khadem

Department of Public Administration, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Organizations are created to achieve the desired goals through a network of connections between management and organizational structures. Five types of organizational structures are identified by Mintzberg which include but to limited simple structure, machine bureaucracy, professional bureaucracy, divisional form, and adhocracy. The human resource management policies and practices could be defined as workforce planning, staffing, recruitment and selection, training and development, career management, reward management, compensation, performance appraisal, employee safety and relation, exit management and HR research. This paper seeks to examine the selected organization’s policies and practices. In addition, it also tries to find out the relationship between the organizational structure and HR policies and practices. Both secondary and primary data where 100 persons from different strata were interviewed are used in this study. After analyzing the data of five purposively selected organizations, the study demonstrates that positive relationship exists between organizational structure and human resources management policies and practices.

Keywords: Organization, Simple Structure, Machine Bureaucracy, Professional Bureaucracy, Adhocracy, Human Resource Policies and Practices.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: bashirkhadem2012@gmail.com (M.B.M. Khadem)

How to cite this article: Khadem MBM (2020). Impact of organizational structure on it’s human resource policies and practices. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 7(4): 40-49. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4298773.

Nadeem Kazmi

Rainwater Harvesting Advocate, Portland, Oregon the USA

Rainwater harvesting is an old-aged water collection method in geographic locations where rainfall is abundant. Bangladesh has a tropical monsoon climate characterized by heavy seasonal rain. Cox’s Bazar is located on the southern tip of Bangladesh and receives higher rainfall than the national average. Without considering the sustainability, people in Chittagong and other urban areas in Bangladesh are still reluctant to use this abundant source. The scenario of Chittagong city is closer to a condition where the city might face a permanent water crisis, once the underground aquifers go down below the pumping level or the aquifers become dry. In addition, extensive use of groundwater in Cox’s Bazar due to the influx of Rohingya refugees has depleted the groundwater to dangerous levels. Rooftop rainwater harvesting in Cox’s Bazar would help to reduce the dependence on groundwater tube-wells. The role of local government regarding finance, training, awareness campaign and policy about rainwater harvesting needs to improve in utilizing rainwater for reducing dependence on groundwater tube-wells.

Keywords: Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting, Ground water extraction, Rain water catchment, water storage.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: nadeemgis@gmail.com (Nadeem Kazmi)

How to cite this article: Kazmi N (2020). Rainwater harvesting potential in Cox’s Bazar to reduce groundwater usage. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 7(4): 01-08. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4361878.

Azizur Rahman¹, Alvy Riasat Malik²

¹Department of Public Administration and Governance Studies, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh
²Department of Human Resource Management, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh

Electronic governance in short e-governance is a smeared concept in the development discourse. This article aims to identify the challenges and to recommend some ways in this regard. Evidently, e-governance is the use of information technologies by government agencies in service provision and by citizens to get services. It may range from e-admission to e-voting. Bangladesh has obtained e-governance idea to reinvent its governance and to transform the society into a creative knowledge society. Nonetheless, it affronts many hurdles like poor infrastructure, lack of political support, shortfall of efficient human resource, digital divice etc. Therefore, it’s high time to get some remedies for proper implementation of e-governance strategies. More e-services may create scope for the government to generate revenue through imposing fees for particular e-services and ensure transparency of public services. Citizens may also be benefited with prompt and improved services. In a nutshell, it will foster sustainable development. Public administration of this twenty first century should be dynamic, proactive, public relation expert, policy shaper, and pro positive change for making the service easier.

Keywords: E-governance, Challenges, Prospects, Bangladesh.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: abir7du@yahoo.com (Azizur Rahman)

How to cite this article: Rahman A and Malik AR (2020). Electronic governance in Bangladesh: challenges and prospects. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 7(4): 56-65. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4362126.

MA Hossain¹, MS Islam², M.Rashiduzzaman², A Akhtar³

¹Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh agricultural University, Bangladesh
²Palli Daridra Bimochon Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
³Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh

The study was aimed to identify and evaluate present livestock production and utilization system of selected areas of Sirajgonj district during January 2017 to December 2017. The study revealed that the small, medium and large farmers reared the large number of sheep, goats and cattle. Large farmers maintained dairy and beef farm with upgraded cattle and their average milk production was 8.50 liter per day and beef production was 120-150 kg per beef cattle. Average milk production of all categories was 5.85 liter per day of selected areas. The small and large farmers sold the highest portion of products and the medium farmers directly consumed the most portions of their products. The farmers used to feed their livestock from different sources of roughage and concentrate. Most of the farmers cultivate fodder like Napier, maize, jumbo and Para grass in the studied area. There were many farmers who had cash money to purchase feed but they had no skill and knowledge on appropriate technology for farming. May to August was the crisis time for green grasses and September to October was the lean period for straw in the studied area. Farmers were adapted to modern variety of fodder cultivation. The livestock were mostly affected by diseases like, diarrhoea (12.0%), foot and mouth disease (FMD) (25.7%), black quarter (15.45%), hemorrhagic septicemia (20.6%) and anthrax disease (5.0%). Due to availability of gas small farmers used cow dung and dried leaves of trees as fuel and large farmers used cow dung as manure in the crop field respectively in the studied areas. There is a vast scope of producing high yielding fodder, dairy and beef fattening farms to enhance the development of farmer in the studied areas.

Keywords: Beef fattening, Improvement Livelihood, Livestock Production, Milk Production, Marketing and Utilization systems.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: anwar.kbd82@gmail.com (Anowar Hossain)

How to cite this article: Hossain MA, Akhtar A, Rashiduzzaman M and Islam MS (2020). Livestock production and utilization systems of different farm category farmers at Sirajgonj district of Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 7(4): 66-72. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4362687.

Pinky Debnath¹, MD. Ashraf Hussain², Shamima Nasren¹

¹Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
²Department of Fisheries Technology and Quality Control, Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100,  Bangladesh

The present study was carried out to assess the fish species availability in the Halir haor of Sunamganj district in Bangladesh from May 2019 to January 2020. A total of 68 fish species including prawn have been documented belonging to 11 orders and 25 families. Cypriniformes was found to be the most dominant order comprising 30.88%, followed by Siluriformes (25%), Perciformes (14.71%), Synbranchiformes (5.88%), Channiformes (5.88%), Clupeiformes (4.41%), Decapoda (4.41%), Beloniformes (2.94%) and Osteoglossiformes (2.94%). Tetraodontiformes and Anguiliformes were the least numerous orders constituting only 1.47% of the total number of species. Out of 68 species, 20 species belonged to the threatened where 8 species were vulnerable, 9 endangered and 3 critically endangered. Maximum number of species (51) were recorded in the month of January while lowest number (22) in the month of July. Additionally, based on the availability, 36.76%, 29.41%, 23.53% and 10.29% were found to be available, less available, rare and very rare, respectively. The present study revealed the major threats to Halir haor including habitat loss and degradation, indiscriminate harvesting of fish, fry and fingerlings, pollution and climate change. Establishment of fish sanctuaries to conserve both threatened and non-threatened fish species is recommended.

Keywords: Halir haor, Fish diversity, Sunamganj, Threatened species, Conservation.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: pinky.fbg@sau.ac.bd (Pinky Debnath)

How to cite this article: Debnath P, Hussain MA and Nasren S (2020). Fish diversity of Halir Haor, Sunamganj, Bangladesh: A checklist. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 7(4): 73-80. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4383843.

Md. Golam Rabbani¹, Md. Samiul Haque², M. A. Jalil³, Md. Mahmudar Rahman², Md. Raihan Nabi⁴, Md. Abu Bakr Siddique¹

¹Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
²Senior Veterinary Surgeon, Obhoyaronno- Bangladesh Animal welfare Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
³Veterinary Surgeon, District veterinary Hospital, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
⁴Veterinary Surgeon, Upazilla Livestock Office, Naogaon Sadar, Naogaon, Bangladesh

Two categories of duck and hen eggs (clean and dirty) were selected from wholesalers for this study from January- June, 2013. After collection and transportation to the laboratory bacteriological analysis was performed under two major principles of assessments. At first microbiological quality was evaluated and then Total viable count (TVC), Total coliform count (TCC) and Total Salmonella Count (TSC) were performed. A total of 40 egg (20 egg of hens and 20 eggs of duck) samples were subjected to assessment on microbiological quality. The TVC, TCC, TSC of clean (intact) eggs of the egg shell of duck were log 4.94, log 4.70 and log 4.75, respectively and in case of hen eggs values were log 4.73, log 4.50 and log 4.53, respectively. The mean value of TVC, TCC and TSC of dirty eggs of the egg shell of duck were log 5.42, log 4.87 and log 4.76, respectively and in hen eggs the values were log 5.25, log 4.83 and log 4.67, respectively. The highest significant correlation was found between TVC of clean hen and TSC of dirty hen eggs. The correlation among TVC, TCC and TSC of clean duck and dirty duck eggs ranged from 0.0174 to 0.8055. The highest significant correlation was found between TCC of clean duck and TSC of dirty duck eggs. The correlation among TVC, TCC and TSC of clean hen eggs ranged from 0.0224 to 0.6915. The TVC and TCC showed highly significantly correlation with TSC of clean hen eggs. The correlation among TVC, TCC and TSC of dirty hen eggs ranged from 0.3269 to 0.7837. The TVC and TCC were highly significantly correlated with TSC of dirty hen eggs. The correlation among TVC, TCC and TSC of clean duck eggs ranged from 0.0873 to 0.8390. The TCC showed highly significant correlation with TVC of clean duck eggs. The correlation among TVC, TCC and TSC of dirty duck eggs ranged from 0.3959 to 0.8597. The TVC and TCC showed highly significant correlation with TSC of dirty duck eggs. The highest bacterial load was found in dirty duck eggs and lowest score were found in clean hen eggs. The study indicated that hen eggs are safer than duck eggs.

Keywords: Eggs, Egg Shell, Bacteria, E. coli, Salmonella, Local market, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: vetsamiulhstu@gmail.com (Md. Samiul Haque)

How to cite this article: Rabbani MG, Haque MS, Jalil MA, Rahman MM, Nabi MR and Siddique MAB (2020). Isolation and identification of bacteria from shell surface of eggs in local market of Sylhet. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 7(4): 81-93. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4430663.

Sangita Das Himu¹, Md. Ashraf Hussain², Tofael Ahmed Sumon³, Md. Afsar Ahmed Sumon⁴, Md. Foysal Ahmad⁵, Mahfuzur Rahman Talukder¹, Mrityunjoy Kunda¹

¹Department of Aquatic Resource Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
²Department of Fisheries Technology and Quality Control, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
³Department of Fish Health Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
⁴Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
⁵Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh

Over the years social aspects of fishermen have been overlooked despite playing a significant role in nutrition, foods security and economic sector of the country. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the current socio-economic conditions of fishers from Sunamganj district of Bangladesh. Data were collected from two Upazila of Sunamganj through individual and key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. Results of this study revealed a dire socio-economic status of the fisher’s community. Nearly half of the respondents were landless, and lived in government and privately-owned land. The illiteracy among interviewed fishermen was 71.6%. Moreover, around 80% of fisherfolk cannot earn more than BDT 10,000 (USD 117) per month. Only 37% fishers have had secondary income sources. In addition, morbidity data revealed higher rate of illness of children than that of their parents, most of them receive medical attentions from quack. Majority of them also do not have the access to formal credit system (e.g. bank), they borrowed money from informal sources. Wide-ranging initiatives from both government and non-government organizations need to be taken to improve the well-being of fishers of Sunamganj which will ultimately help in ensuring sustainable use and management of fisheries resources of adjacent areas.

Keywords: Bangladesh, Fishermen, Livelihood, Socio-economic status, Sunamganj.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: ashraf.ftqc@sau.ac.bd (Md. Ashraf Hussain)

How to cite this article: Himu SD, Hussain MA, Sumon TA, Sumon MAA, Ahmad MF, Talukder MR and Kunda M (2020). Socio-economic profile of fishermen: An empirical study from Sunamganj, Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 7(4): 94-102. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4459278.

Zawad Ibn Farid

Institute of Disaster Management and Vulnerability Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

The study is aimed to frame the experience and general perception of the urban community towards the COVID-19 and its outbreak, assessing the primary perception of appropriate knowledge level based on their daily life experience on diverse aspects, i.e., socio-economic crisis, human stress, etc. The study followed the qualitative method by interviewing 40 adults (both male and female) from Dhaka city with a semi-structured open-ended checklist. For selecting the interviewees, a purposive sampling method was followed. All interviews were conducted through telephone and online call as per following the social distance protocol of WHO (World Health Organization). Among 40interviewees, most of them used social media to obtain COVID-19 information. They all have average knowledge of general hygiene and spreading procedure endorsed by the government and WHO. Out of 40 participants, 80% (32) reported a diminution of income during the lockdown, and several cases were found of losing income to utmost zero. 92% opined on the apparent vulnerability of stallholder business and private sector service holder communities regarding income decline and job loss. During lockdown industries had stopped production, leaving millions of precarious laborers and diverse workers without any resources, which is a contra picture of the experience of 40% of participants, who are mostly government service holders. However, all participants reported cleaner air quality and improved pollution situation. The participants uttered the “new normal” concept as altering how they eat, pray, work, have relationships, and study. 62.5% agreed upon the issue that during the lockdown, domestic violence has increased in urban families. Regarding the urban community’s coping capacity, 75% denoted that they have no idea how to cope with the impending economic crisis and the loss of jobs/income. The study winded-up that as the world-wide threat of COVID-19 lingers to emerge on a larger scale, greater efforts through substitutive community-based preventive measures and awareness must be followed by the government, given the economic stress and less working opportunities yet to come in a lower-middle-income country like Bangladesh with dense population.

Keywords: COVID-19, Urban Community, Perception, Lockdown, Socio-economic Crisis, Unemployment.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: zawad.acca@gmail.com (Zawad Ibn Farid)

How to cite this article: Farid ZI (2020). Experience and perception of urban community towards COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 7(4): 103-118. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4463363.

Khalifah Ali¹, Haithem Ali Mohamed Ahmed Farghali², Ashraf Ali Eldesoky Shamaa²

¹Public Authority for Agriculture Affairs and Fish Resources – Kuwait City, Kuwait
²Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt

The differences in management and production systems and environmental conditions under which goats and sheep are maintained could greatly affect the occurrence of reproductive health problems. Although, major reproductive disorders greatly responsible for high economic loss in dairy goat and sheep, limited research have been done on the prevalence and current treatment practices of the reproductive disease in Kuwait. This study was designed to record the field surgical affections in sheep and goats in Kuwait city. The study was conducted from October 2017 to October 2019 in different farms belonging to Public authority for agriculture affairs and fish resources – Kuwait City, Kuwait. In this study different 140 cases of reproductive system affections in sheep and goats were recorded. Among the affections in both sheep and goats the highest affection was caesarean section (42.85%) followed by vaginal prolapsed (15.71%) and hernia (8.57%) (Table 2). Caesarean section and vagina prolapse affections were more in sheep than goat. Whereas hernia was more in goat than sheep (Table 2). Hermaphrodite and hypospadias were recorded in goat but not in sheep. Scrotal hernia was found in sheep but not in goat.

Keywords: Reproductive system affections, sheep and goats, Kuwait.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: vet-1@live.com (Khalifah Ali)

How to cite this article: Ali K, Farghali HAMA and Shamaa AAE (2020). Reproductive system affections in sheep and goats in state of Kuwait. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 7(4): 119-126. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4460444.

Sumaiya Parven¹, Md. Abdus Samad¹, Sharifuzzaman², Begum Mansura Hassin³, Abu Jafur Md. Ferdaus⁴

¹Jhenidah Government Veterinary College, Jhenidah
²Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Jhenidah Government Veterinary College, Jhenidah
³Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Jhenidah Government Veterinary College, Jhenidah
⁴Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Jhenidah Government Veterinary College, Jhenidah

The study was conducted between Pure Black Bengal (PBB) and crossbred (CBB) goat to compare the phenotypic features, morphometry, production and reproduction performance. A total number of 87 goats from which 26 PBB goats from Government Goat Development Sub center, Jhenidah and 61 CBB goats from Alamdanga Upazila and Jhenidah Sadar Upazila were collected for this study from November 2019 to January 2020. Prominent coat color was black in both PBB and CBB but in case of 55.74% CBB has long hair in its hind quarter but it was totally absent in PBB. The average value of morphometric measurements was compared between sex and age. The result indicated that, the height of wither and rump, length of horn, ear, head and scrotum were higher (p<0.05) in CBB (77.57, 75.03, 12.17, 23.16, 22.33 and 12.98cm, respectively) than PBB buck (58.93, 61.47, 10.97, 13.00, 17.78 and 9.86cm, respectively). The measurement between the does indicated that the horn length was higher (P<0.001) in PBB doe but ear length was higher (p<0.01) in CBB than PBB. In case of kids, height of wither, heart girth and ear length was higher (p<0.01) in CBB (36.9, 31.39 and12.7cm, respectively) than PBB (30.48, 24.77 and 7.8cm, respectively). The average milk production of PBB (390.44 ml/day) was significantly (p<0.01) lower than CBB (1045.01 ml/day) but the litter size was significantly (p<0.05) higher in PBB (2.30) than CBB (1.77). The age of puberty, age of first kidding and kidding interval were better (P<0.01) in PBB (205.30, 355.5 and 200.30 days, respectively) than CBB (275.92, 401.5and 273.77 days, respectively). The study revealed that the morphologic and morphometric characteristics were higher in CBB and quiet altered from PBB due to indiscriminate cross breeding and the reproductive performance were better in PBB in comparison with CBB. These data may help in identifying current status of Black Bengal goat and contribute to in situ conservation of the breed.

Keywords: Black Bengal, Black Bengal cross, Morphometry, Productive and reproductive performance.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: sumaiya.dvm.edu.bd@gmail.com (Sumaiya Parven)

How to cite this article: Parven S, Samad MA, Sharifuzzaman, Hassin BM and Ferdaus AM (2020). Comparison of phenotypic characterization, productive and reproductive performance of pure black bengal and crossbred goat. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 7(4): 127-135. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4519127.