N. Uddin¹, S. A. Toma¹, M. N. Hossain¹, O. Islam¹, S. Khatun¹, M. Begum¹, S. U. Ahmed¹, M. R. Akanda²

¹Department of Livestock Production and Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100
²Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100

The purpose of this review is to provide detailed information about the use of herbs and spices in ruminant and non-ruminant animal and its effect on meat quality. Herbs are dried leaves of any aromatic plants used to impart flavor and odour of food and spices are dried parts of any aromatic plants without leaves. Herbs and spices produced different natural and non-antibiotic phytogenic feed additives. Most usual and repeatedly used herbs and spices for phytogenic feed additives in swine, cattle and poultry production are garlic, chili, cayenne, pepper, peppermint, cinnamon, horseradish thyme, anise, rosemary sage, and oregano. Numerous useful properties of herbs and spices compounds derive from their bioactive molecules are piperine, linalool, carvacrol, capsaicin, cineole, allicin, thymol, allyl isothiocyanate and anethole. Herbs and spices have antimi­crobial, antiparasitic, antiviral, antifungal, insecticidal and antitoxigenic properties. The prospective benefits of using herbs and spices in ruminant and non-ruminant nutrition are stimulate nutrient digestion and absorption, improved health status declined incidence of diseases, increased feed intake and average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio, increased carcass yield, improved meat quality and shelf life of meat. The aim of the review is to summarize on the current knowledge on the use of herbs and spices as a feed additive in ruminant and non-ruminant animals.

Keywords: Ruminant, Non Ruminant, Herbs, Spices, Meat quality.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: uddinmn.alm@sau.ac.bd (Md. Nazim Uddin)

How to cite this article: Uddin MN,  Toma SA, Hossain MN, Islam O, Khatun S, Begum M, Ahmed SU and Akanda MR (2021). Utilization of spices and herbs in ruminant and non-ruminant diet and its effects on meat quality. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(3): 01-16. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5470745.

Shuvo Biswas¹, Shamsun Nahar², Sharifuzzaman³

¹Jhenaidah Government Veterinary College, Jhenaidah-7300
²Department of Agriculture Economics and Social Science, Jhenaidah Government Veterinary College, Jhenaidah- 7300
³Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Jhenaidah Government Veterinary College, Jhenaidah-7300

The study was carried out at Upazila Veterinary Hospital, Kaligonj Upazila of Satkhira district during the period of February, 2019 to April, 2019 to evaluate the prevalence of clinical diseases of ruminants (cattle and goats). Disease diagnosis was made on the basis of owner’s statement, physical examination, clinical signs and laboratory tests. A total of 500 clinical cases were investigated for the clinical diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. Clinically affected cattle and goats were divided into infectious and non-infectious disease groups and further divided into several categories as Bacterial, Viral, Ecto and Endo-parasitic, Nutritional deficiency, Metabolic disorders, Protozoan infections, Fungal diseases, Digestive disorders, Surgical affections and other syndromes. Clinical cases were also categorized according to the affected body systems e.g. Nervous, Respiratory system etc. The data revealed that the prevalence was highest for infectious diseases (70%) followed by Non-infectious diseases (30%). Goats (83.14%) were more susceptible to infectious diseases than cattle (16.86%). Highest overall prevalence of diseases was found for digestive disorders (16.40%) followed by 14% unknown etiological syndromes, 12.8% Ecto-parasitic infestations, 12.2% Endo-parasitic infections, 11.20% Viral diseases, 10% Surgical affections, 8.80% Nutritional deficiency disorders, 6.60% Bacterial diseases, 3.8% Gynaecological disorders, 2.8% Metabolic diseases,  1.2% Protozoan diseases and 0.2% Fungal diseases. Based on body system, overall prevalence of diseases was highest in digestive system (39%) and lowest in Masculo-skeletal system (2.80%). Prevalence of diseases was slightly higher in female (50.8%) than male (49.2%) animals. This study will help the researchers to understand the status of prevalent diseases and also help to design a program for mitigation and control of diseases at Kaligonjin Satkhira district and elsewhere in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Prevalence, cattle, goats, Bangladesh.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: sharif.edu.bd@gmail.com (Sharifuzzaman)

How to cite this article: Biswas S, Nahar S and Sharifuzzaman (2021). Prevalence of clinical diseases of cattle and goats at Kaligonj Upazila of Satkhira district. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(3): 17-25. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5534648.

D.R. Das¹, A.H.M. Kohinoor², M.K. Rahman³ and Y. Mahmud⁴

¹Floodplain Sub-Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Santahar, Bogura
²Freshwater Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh -2201
^3,4 Headquaters, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh-2201

An attempt was made to develop broods of Thai Pangas, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus earlier than normal spawning season using Green House (GP) Technique during July, 2015 to June, 2020. The study was conducted in four earthen ponds of 0.08 ha each. For Green House technique, two ponds were covered fully with transparent polyethylene sheet fastened in frame, made of bamboo to receive sunlight for increasing water temperature. The other two ponds were kept open and were treated as open pond (CP) as control. Ponds were treated with lime (CaO) @ 250 kg/ha and then filled up with water up to a depth of 1.5 m. Before stocking, ponds were treated with dolomite @ 20 ppm and fertilizer with urea @ 2.5 ppm and TSP @ 1.00 ppm. After growing sufficient plankton, all four ponds were equally stocked with adult and healthy Pangasianodon hypophthalmus@ 990 nos/ha corresponding to 12kg/dec in October 2015. Size of male fish ranged from 3.0 to 3.5 kg while female was 4.5 to 5.5 kg. The ratio of stocked fishes (female: male) was 2:1. The stocked fishes were fed with commercial pellet feed containing 35% protein, supplemented with vitamin premix. Cod liver oil was added at 1-2 ml/kg of feed to hasty eggs for early maturation. Feeding rate ranged from 10-3% of total body weight twice daily. Fishes were reared for five months to get suitable broods earlier than the normal spawning season.  Stocked fishes were checked monthly by examining secondary sexual characters. In the GP ponds, fully matured females were first observed on 6^th February 2016, which was two months earlier than the normal spawning season. About 21% female and 60% male Pangas became fully matured during mid-February in GP.  A total of 98% female and 100% male of stocked Pangas became fully matured and ready for inducing during mid-March. Augmenting spawning season than the normal will increase culture period of Pangas, which ultimately will help to increase Pangas production.

Keywords: Brood development, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Green House.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: drd4272@yahoo.com (D.R. Das)

How to cite this article: Das DR, Kohinoor AHM, Rahman MK and Mahmud Y (2021). Early development of brood of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus using Green House Technique. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(3): 26-32. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5706567.

Nina Chakma¹, Afroza Begum² and Mohammed Belal Uddin³

¹Rangamati Nursing Institute, Rangamati, Bangladesh
²Department of Maternal and Child health, NIPSOM, Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
³Chittagong Nursing College, Chittagong, Bangladesh

In most developing countries, access to safe motherhood services in rural areas is more limited than in urban areas. This issue is important for Hill tracts because nearly half (46 percent) of its population lives in rural areas. The objective of the study was to assess the level of safe motherhood and Antenatal Care (ANC) among tribal women. The study revealed that, out of 250 respondents, majority (55.6%) were in the age group of 24-26 years with the mean age of 26.61± 2.2, almost all (95.6%) respondents were Buddhist and most (74.4%) of the families were nuclear families. Most of them (94.0%) had 3-6 members in their family and most (72.8%) of them were housewives. Maximum (41.2%) respondents earned in between 90001-17000 BDT per month with average income of 17694.40± 15031.76 BDT and 39.2% of them were lived Kacha house.  Majority (53.2%) of the respondents got married in between the age of 19-22 years (22.68±2.22) and 48.4% had first conceived in between the age of 24-27 years (23.79±2.14). Most (73.6%) of them were knew that the health centres provide Antenatal Care and almost all (92.8%) received ANC but most (73%) of them did not complete four visits ANC during their pregnancy. It also revealed that, ANC service centres availed mainly (68%) from govt. Hospital and ANC services provided mostly (82.8%) from doctors. Most (77%) of the respondents claimed that the communication system to reach the service centre was well enough and almost all (91%) of the respondents took decision on their own to go to health centre to receive ANC. Almost all (97%) the respondents opined they didn’t have any barrier to go to health centre to receive ANC. Most (84.4%) of the husbands of the respondents knew about the antenatal care and maximum (53.6%) knew that there is heath centre in their area. Almost all (95%) of them had normal delivery and (93%) had no knowledge regarding Postnetal Care (PNC). Most (93%) of the respondents had no knowledge regarding PNC and almost all (98.8%) of the respondents had no awareness about the importance of at least 4 times of antenatal care visit. Majority (65%) of the respondents received vaccine for 5 times and almost all (92.8%) had no pregnancy complications. From this study we found that, most of the respondents received antenatal care services but not by the meant of four visits ANC. Therefore development of evidence based ANC package is required. The timing, frequency and exact content of ANC visits require further testing and harmonization.

Keywords: Socio-demography, Tribal women, Hill tracts, Antenatal care, Safe motherhood.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: ninachakma11@gmail.com (Nina Chakma)

How to cite this article: Chakma N, Begum A and Uddin MB (2021). Socio-demographic status and access to safe motherhood and antenatal care among tribal women. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(3): 33-45. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6053831.

Fatema Akhter Hiramoni

Lecturer, Department of Economics, Sheikh Hasina University, Netrokona-2400, Bangladesh

There is a scarcity of empirical evidence about the nature of economic behaviors of vulnerable and poor people in sub-urban industrial and non-industrial areas of Bangladesh. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the nature of the economic behaviors of these people. A total of 394 participants interviewed from a sub-urban industrial area and a non-industrial area utilizing the convenience sampling technique. Results showed that the majority were involved in agricultural activities and manual labor. The ratio of manual labor was higher in suburban industrial area and agriculture labor in the non-industrial area. Four-fifths of them received their earning as the wage-basis, and this ratio was higher in non-industrial area. More than half of the participants had savings and this ratio was higher in sub-urban industrial area. Nearly half of them had debts and this was doubled for participants from non-industrial area. Vulnerable people from the sub-urban industrial area had to spend more on housing and food, and people from the non-industrial area had to spend more on education and health. These findings would be helpful for government and other stakeholders to design and implement policies to reduce the distress of these people and improve their living standards.

Keywords: Economic behaviors; Sub-urban; Industrial area; Non-industrial area; Bangladesh.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: fatema.akther@shu.edu.bd (Fatema Akhter Hiramoni)

How to cite this article: Hiramoni FA (2021). Economic behaviors of vulnerable people in sub-urban industrial area and non-industrial area: A comparative study. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(3): 46-53. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6054941.

Md. Golam  Rahman , Md. Abdullah Al Malek, Gourango Paul

Scientific Officer, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Hill Agricultural Research Station, Khagrachari, Bangladesh

The study was conducted at the Hill Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Khagrachari during the year 2016 to 2018. One off-season/late season pummelo germplasm (CGKha001) was selected for the evaluation along with a check variety (BARI Batabilebu5). High yielder (107 fruits/plant and 154.1 kg/plant) on 12 year old plant compared to check variety (18.33 fruits/plant and16.04 kg/plant). Fruits of the proposed line were Pyriform shape, large size average individual fruit weight (1450 g) with excellent light yellow colour of rind where check variety produced less (875 g). Pulp is very sweet in taste, soft juicy, light pink in colour, having pleasant aroma and bitterness. Average edible portion was high (67.55%). Average TSS was comparatively high (9.30%) than check variety (9.05%). Fruit retention percentage was very high. Seeds were small in size (weight of 100 seed is 40.44 g). The germplasm (CGKha 001) was less susceptible to insect- pests and diseases and plant can survive in drought condition. In general, the fruiting season of pummelo starts from August to October, but the fruit of the selected line were harvested till late January. Thus it will help in extending availability of pummelo as well as may increase the export of sweet pulp citrus.

Keywords: Fruit weight, Harvesting time, Late season pummelo, Pulp colour.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: shohag_bau@yahoo.com (Md. Golam  Rahman)

How to cite this article: Rahman MG, Malek MAA and Paul G (2021). Evaluation of an off season pummelo germplasm in the hilly region of Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(3): 54-57. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6127205.

Md. Jahidul Islam¹,  Md. Golam Robbani Akanda²

¹Assistant Manager, Product Development, Fertilizer Division, Advanced Chemical Industries Limited, 245, Tejgoan Industrial Area,  Dhaka-1208
²Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali

A study was conducted in Barisal region to ascertain the extent of problem faced by the farmers in adapting climate change effect on crop production and to explore relationships between selected characteristics of the farmers and their problem faced in 2014. Multistage random sampling technique was used in this study. There were a total of 1191 farmers (except landless) which constituted the sampling population. Finally, 10 percent of the farmers from each village were randomly selected as sample by using a Table of Random Numbers. From the study it is revealed that the observed overall problem scores of the farmers ranged from 34 to 49 against the possible scores range of 15 to 60. The mean and the stander deviation were 42.20 and 3.419 respectively. Highest proportion (58.8 percent) of the farmers faced medium problem, while 22.7 percent of them faced low problem and 18.5 percent of them faced high problem in adapting climate change effect on crop production. The problem which ranked first was ‘lack of improved seeds followed by second ranked ‘high cost of improved variety’ and third ranked ‘lack of supplying improved seeds in proper time’. Low effectiveness of agro chemicals’ was the least important problem faced by the farmers in adapting climate change effect on crop production. Correlation results indicated that cosmopoliteness, annual income and agricultural knowledge had significant negative relationships with their problem. Farm size had significant positive relationships with their problem. The characteristics, namely age, education, farming experienced, agricultural training, extension media contact and risk orientation had no significant relationships with their problem.

Keywords: Climate change, Adaptation, Crop production, Barishal.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: jahidkhanpstu@gmail.com (Md. Jahidul Islam)

How to cite this article: Islam MJ and Akanda MGR (2021). Problem faced by the farmers in adapting climate change effect on crop production in Barishal region. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(3): 58-66. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6127361.

Nilufa Begum, M.N.S Mamun Siddiky and Mst. Aziza Begum

Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Shrimp Research Station, Bagerhat-9300, Bangladesh

A study was conducted in Barisal region to ascertain the extent of problem faced by the farmers in adapting climate change effect on crop production and to explore relationships between selected characteristics of the farmers and their problem faced in 2014. Multistage random sampling technique was used in this study. There were a total of 1191 farmers (except landless) which constituted the sampling population. Finally, 10 percent of the farmers from each village were randomly selected as sample by using a Table of Random Numbers. From the study it is revealed that the observed overall problem scores of the farmers ranged from 34 to 49 against the possible scores range of 15 to 60. The mean and the stander deviation were 42.20 and 3.419 respectively. Highest proportion (58.8 percent) of the farmers faced medium problem, while 22.7 percent of them faced low problem and 18.5 percent of them faced high problem in adapting climate change effect on crop production. The problem which ranked first was ‘lack of improved seeds followed by second ranked ‘high cost of improved variety’ and third ranked ‘lack of supplying improved seeds in proper time’. Low effectiveness of agro chemicals’ was the least important problem faced by the farmers in adapting climate change effect on crop production. Correlation results indicated that cosmopoliteness, annual income and agricultural knowledge had significant negative relationships with their problem. Farm size had significant positive relationships with their problem. The characteristics, namely age, education, farming experienced, agricultural training, extension media contact and risk orientation had no significant relationships with their problem.

Keywords: Climate change, Adaptation, Crop production, Barishal.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: uddinmn.alm@sau.ac.bd (Nilufa Begum)

How to cite this article: Begum N, Siddiky MNSM and Begum MA (2021). Comparative study of growth performance of three live feed (Microalgae) species in indoor culture condition. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(3): 67-71. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6127420.

Most. Rehana Sultana¹, Fahima Khatun², Dipali Rani Mallick², Taslima Begum³

¹Mental Health & Psychiatric Nursing, National Institute of Advanced Nursing Education and Research (NIANER), Dhaka
²Department of Women’s Health and Midwifery Nursing, National Institute of Advanced Nursing Education and Research (NIANER),  Dhaka
³National Institute of Advanced Nursing Education and Research (NIANER), Dhaka

Stress is a very common and unavoidable emotional strain among college students. It is considered to be a part of students’ life and can impact the students coping strategies in accordance with the demands of academic life. To describe perceived stress level among college students in Bangladesh. A descriptive study was conducted among 114 students conveniently selected at Sirajgonj Govt. College, Sirajgonj. Stress was measured by Perceived Stress Inventory (PSI) a 10 point scale consisted of 48 items in 5 dimensions. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics frequencies, percentage, mean, and SD to describe subject’s characteristics. Inferential statistics Pearson Product-Moment Correlation, t test, and ANOVA were used. The result showed the mean age of participants was 16.76 (SD=.56) with the range from 15-18 years old. More than half of them (51.8%) were male students. The majority were followers of Islam (96.5%) religion, came from nuclear families (86.8%). The mean score of perceived stress was 5.51 (SD=1.08). Majority of them have stated stress at moderate (76.32%) level and nearly one fifth at high (19.30%) level. Findings showed that the demographic characteristics age was significantly r=.23; p=.011 positively correlated with perceived stress. Monthly income was also significantly r = -.192; p=.039 negatively correlated with perceived stress. The mean age of the participants was 16.76 years old. In this study perceived stress of participants aged ranged from 15-18 years of old. So stress reduces strategy may applied for college students findings may source of future research.

Keywords: Perceived stress, College Students, Bangladesh.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: rehanasultana0172@gmail.com (Most. Rehana Sultana)

How to cite this article: Sultana MR, Khatun F, Mallick DR and Begum T (2021). Perceived stress among college students in Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(3): 72-80. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6330912.

Subrata Kumar Das¹, Md. Mosaraf Hossain², Partha Sarathi Das³, Md. Sojib Kabiraj⁴

¹Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202
²Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202
³Department of Fisheries, Bangamata Sheikh Fojilatunnesa Mujib Science & Technology University
⁴Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

The main purposes of the study were to determine and describe the use of radio by the farmers in receiving agricultural information; to explore the relationships of farmers’ with their nine selected characteristics and also other related matters. The objectives of the study were (i) to find out the extent of use of radio by the farmers in receiving agricultural information; (ii) to explore the relationship between some of the selected characteristics of the farmers and their extent of use of radio in receiving agricultural information and (iii) to identify the problems faced by the farmers in using radio and in receiving agricultural information. Data were collected from a sample of randomly selected 80 farmers from a total of 750 farmers. The data were collected by the researcher himself during 11 September to 30 September, 2009 by using a pre-tested personal interview schedule. Simple and direct questions with different scales were used to obtain information. Pearson’s product moment co-efficient of correlation (r) were computed in order to explore relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Each of nine selected characteristics of the farmers namely age, education, family size, farm size, annual family income, organizational affiliation, cosmopoliteness, attitude towards radio, agricultural knowledge constituted independent variables while use of radio by the farmers in receiving agricultural information was the dependent variable. The highest proportion (48.8 percent) of the farmers belonged low and 40 percent belonged to the medium category and only 11.3 percent of the farmers were the high category for using radio in receiving agricultural information. The correlation test showed that among nine characteristics of farmers, four of these namely education, innovativeness, attitude towards radio showed significant and positive relationship with their use of radio in using agricultural information. On the other hand, only age had negative significant relationship. Farmers’ five characteristics, viz., family size, farm size, organizational affiliation, cosmopoliteness and Agricultural knowledge had no significant relationship in using radio by the farmers in receiving agricultural information. According the problem facing index (PFI) do not know the appropriate time of the radio programme (PFI = 181) was constitute the first rank and do not have own radio set (PFI = 86) was constitute the last rank order.

Keywords: Agricultural information, Agricultural Radio Program, Attitude towards radio.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: das.subrata.bd@gmail.com (Most. Rehana Sultana)

How to cite this article: Das SK, Hossain MM, Das PS and Kabiraj MS (2021). Use of radio by the farmers in receiving agricultural information. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(3): 81-86. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7004587.