Md. Asadulla Al Galib¹, Tusher Chakrobarty², Md. Hasibur Rahaman Hera³, Sumaiya Farzana⁴, Md. MusfiqurRahman⁵

¹Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
²Rice Farming Systems (RFS) Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
³Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
⁴Graduate Training Institute (GTI), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
⁵Spices Research Sub-Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Faridpur-7800, Bangladesh

Globally, climate change, population growth, urban and rural expansion are all lowering the amount of freshwater available for irrigation. Therefore, the research was carried out to investigate the combined effects of irrigation systems and split application of potassium fertilizer on BRRI dhan89. The study was laid out in a split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with 7 treatments and 3 replications. Irrigation systems (CF, AWD-1, AWD-2, and AWD-3) were the main factors while split application of potassium (K-1, K-2, and K-3) was the subfactor. The findings showed that the potassium treatment was significant for yield contributing traits but not for grain yield, straw yield, biological yield, and harvest index. The findings also revealed that the irrigation treatments had a significant effect on yield components and grain yield of BRRI dhan89. In most cases, CF (continuous flooding)gave the maximum plant height (114.33 cm), tillersm^-2 (269.00), paniclesm^-2 (258.22), grainspanicle^-1 (138.89), thousand grain weight (23.78 g), grain yield (8.33 tha^-1), straw yield (9.20 tha^-1) and biological yield (17.53 tha^-1), but in all of those cases AWD-1, gave nearly similar results. However, the highest grain yield (9.00 tha^-1) was recorded from treatment interaction CF + K-3 followed by AWD-1 + K-3 (8.95 tha^-1) and AWD-1 + K-2 (8.36 tha^-1).It was evident that both the CF + K-3 and AWD-1 + K-3 treatment combinations generated nearly equal grain yields. As, AWD irrigation system saves a huge amount of fresh water compared to CF, the treatment combination AWD-1 + K-3 could be an alternative option for rice cultivation.

Keywords: BRRI dhan89, Potassium (K) fertilizer, Alternate wetting and drying (AWD).

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: galib.brri@gmail.com (MA  Al Galib)

How to cite this article: Galib MAA, Chakrobarty T, Hera MHR, Farzana S and Rahman MM (2022). Effect of potassium fertilizer and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation system for Boro rice cultivation in Faridpur region. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 9(1): 01-13. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6665068.

Md. Abdul Kader¹, Sharmin Akter², Md. Sherazul Islam³, Chayanika Pondit¹

¹Extension Officer, National Agricultural Technology program, Phase-2 (NATP-2), Department of Fisheries
²Senior Upazila Fisherie Officer, Bogura Sadar, Bogura
³Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore, Bangladesh

The present investigation was carried out to assess the mud crab fattening system and the socio-economic condition of crab fatteners. The survey was conducted during October to November 2017 in Rampal Upazila under Bagerhat district. Data were collected through survey of randomly selected 40 crab fatteners through questionnaire interview and focus group discussion. It was reported that the peak fattening season of male crab was in dry season (October–May) whereas the peak fattening season of female crab was in wet season (June–September).  In the study area, fatteners usually used 95 gm-215gm crab seed for fattening. The average stocking density was 67pieces/ decimal. About 25% fatteners used tilapia feed for stocked crabs. Fattening is usually done for 2-4 weeks.  The average production was 14.36 kg/decimal and net benefit was 15,230 TK/Yr/decimal according to the cost–benefit analysis. There were 30% crab fatteners were belongs to the age group of 41-45 years, who were the main working force in the society. Among the fatteners 67% were Hindus. Forty two percent (42%) of crab fattener’s monthly income range was BDT 16000-30000.  In the study area, 45% fatteners were found to live in tin shed house and only 27% of fattener used pacca toilet. The 35% of the crab fatteners were up to class 10 pass. Fifty percent fatteners were depends on upazila health complex for their treatment. Most of the crab fatteners take loan from the money lender. According to the survey, most of the crab fatteners increased their income level through crab fattening but housing and sanitary condition was not developed proportionate to the income. Crab fattening is gaining popularity day by day because it is a very easy, profitable and takes less time. However, the fatteners are still practices old fattening system. It is needed to introduce recent update system and feeding system following other countries.

Keywords: Crab fatteners, Socio-economy, Bangladesh.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: mdabdulkader.just@gmail.com (AB Kader)

How to cite this article: Kader MA, Akter S, Islam MS and Pondit C (2022). Socio-economic condition of crab fatteners in Rampal Upazila of Bagerhat. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 9(1): 14-23. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6670215.

Mst. Sayeda Ferdoushi¹, Fahima Khatun², Ferdous Jahan³, Taslima Begum⁴

¹MSN student, Community Health Nursing, National Institute of Advanced Nursing Education and Research, Mugda, Dhaka
²Faculty of women’s Health and Midwifery Nursing, National Institute of Advanced Nursing Education and Research, Mugda, Dhaka
³Faculty of Community Health Nursing National, Institute of Advanced Nursing Education and Research, Mugda, Dhaka
⁴National Institute of Advanced Nursing Education and Research, Dhaka Bangladesh

Amputation is a surgical procedure by which a part or the whole of a limb or lower limb is being removed. Consequences of lower limb amputation can change in one’s personal life, affecting the individual’s well-being, autonomy and body-image including psychological impact, adjustment to amputation and social support. The aim of this study is to explore the lived experience of lower limb amputation patient in Bangladesh. A phenomenological qualitative research design was carried out among 15 participants with lower limb amputation who were admitted and follow up visited at National Institute of Traumatology and orthopedic rehabilitation (NITOR). Participants were selected for interview by using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected by using interview guide to achieve comprehensive information related to lower limb amputation. Data were analyzed by using the process of content analysis. The results focus on- the following four themes, mentally depressed, difficulties in adjustment, coping mechanism and expectation of social support. Experience of lower limb amputation the study found the various reactions, emotional changes and physical discomfort after amputation. Nurses should have a deep understanding on coping strategies for amputees; provide them valuable support to adjust their emotions, and developing confidence to lead their lives.

Keywords: Experience, Lower limb amputation.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: ferdousisayeda@gmail.com (Mst. Sayeda Ferdoushi)

How to cite this article: Ferdoushi MS, Khatun F, Jahan F and Begum T (2022). Lived experience of lower limb amputation patient in Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 9(1): 24-30. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6812835.

Mohammad Mahbub Islam¹, Md. Ershad Ali², Mehedi Hasan Khan³, Kazi Rakib Zobair⁴, Farzana Zarin Eivy⁵, Md. Aminul Islam⁶, Goutom Kumar Mondol⁷, Shimul Kumar Das⁸

¹Consultant, Land Zoning Project, Ministry of land, Bangladesh Secretariat, Dhaka
²Director, North Bengal Agro Farms Ltd., Basantapur, Godagari, Rajshahi
³Upazilla Agriculture Officer, Department of Agricultural Extension, Dacope, Khulna
⁴Agriculture Extension Officer, Department of Agriculture Extension, Tungipara, Gopalganj
⁵Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj
⁶Manager, Bangladesh Sugar and Food Industries Corporation, Ministry of Industries,ChinishilpaBhaban, 3, Dilkusha C/A, Motijheel, Dhaka
⁷Manager (Extension), Bangladesh Sugar and Food Industries Corporation, Ministry of Industries, ChinishilpaBhaban, 3, Dilkusha C/A, Motijheel, Dhaka
⁸Lecturer, First Capital University of Bangladesh, Chuadanga

The study was aimed to evaluate soil chemical properties in jackfruit based multistoried agroforestry system in the central terrace ecosystem of Bangladesh. The study was conducted at a farmer’s field under Belabo upazila of Narsingdi district of Bangladesh from September, 2011 to January, 2014. Jackfruit trees were kept as upperstorey; papaya, lemon, mandarin and sweet orange were at middlestorey and seasonal vegetables such as eggplant, bottle gourd and ash gourd were grown as lowerstorey crops.The experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. There were five treatments covering agroforestry with four orientations and sole cropping (jackfruit trees). Positive changes of the chemical properties of top soil layer were observed in agroforestry over sole cropping (jackfruit trees). Soil pH (4.62), total nitrogen (0.081%), organic carbon (0.61%), organic matter (1.05%), phosphorus (4.23 ppm), Sulphur (10.17 ppm), calcium (2.27 meq/100g), magnesium (0.46 meq/100g) and potassium (0.52 meq/100g) were found higher in agroforestry systems than that of sole cropping (jackfruit trees). Results revealed that soils in the agroforestry systems tuned to more fertile than soil in the sole cropping (jackfruit trees). The results clearly indicated that agroforestry systems are more suitable to build up soil fertility than the sole cropping (jackfruit trees).

Keywords: Agroforestry, Soil quality, Food production, Food security.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: mahbub229@gmail.com (Mohammad Mahbub Islam)

How to cite this article: Islam MM, Ali ME, Khan MH, Zobair KR, Eivy FZ, Islam MA, Mondol GK and Das SK (2022). Transition to agroforestry significantly improves soil quality for increased food production and food security in the terrace ecosystem of Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 9(1): 31-37. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6965359.

Subarna Rani Kundu^1,2, Chandan Kumar Sarkar², Saroj Kumar Yadav³, Sudeb Sarker⁴, Md. Golbar Hossain², Shah Md. Abdur Rauf²

¹Department of Anatomy and Histology, Khulna Agricultural University
²Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi
³Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram
⁴Department of Livestock Services (DLS), Khamar Bari Sarak, Farmgate, Dhaka

A cross-sectional study was carried out in the abattoirs of the Rajshahi Metropolitan area from which a total of randomly selected 131 samples (70 livers and 61 lungs) of goats were investigated by gross and microscopic examination. The purpose of the study was to determine the status of vital organs e.g. liver and lungs of goats from a public health perspective. Among 131 samples, 12 samples (9.16%) showed gross changes in the liver and lungs. The changes in the liver were bulging, flaccid, and darkish discoloration with the loose turbid capsules. It contained hemorrhage, congestion with rounded corners, and nodular structure in one liver. Lung lesions were congestion, hemorrhage, fibrin deposition, and hepatization. Histo-pathologically, congestion of blood vessels, fibrosis, and immense leucocytic infiltration were observed in the affected liver. On the other hand, diffuse leucocytes mainly neutrophils infiltrated within the bronchioles and lung parenchyma in the affected lung were observed. These changes in the liver and lungs might be due to infectious and non-infectious agents. Percent lesions were 11.11%, 5.77%, 5.71% and 23.53% in 1-2, 2-3, 3-4 and >4 years of age respectively. Black Bengal goats were more affected (9.57%) compared to Jamunapari (8.11%) where female goats (10.34%) were more affected than male goats (6.82%). Goats were more affected in the rainy season (11.36%) compared to winter (8.7%) and summer (7.32%). The presence of lesions determined by gross and microscopic characteristics in this study deserves further investigation of causal agents to diagnose and surveillance of the prevailing diseases for ensuring food safety.

Keywords: Abattoir, Liver, Lung, Lesion, Goat, Bangladesh.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: 1992subarna@gmail.com (Subarna Rani Kundu)

How to cite this article: Kundu SR, Sarkar CK, Yadav SK, Sarker S, Hossain MG and Rauf SMA (2022). Pathological changes of liver and lung of slaughtered goats in Rajshahi Metropolitan area of Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 9(1): 38-47. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6965400.

Md. Mosaraf Hossain¹, Subrata Kumar Das², Md. Sojib Kabiraj³

¹Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202
²Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202
³Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Food security is a major global issue because of the growing population and decreasing land area. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important staple cereal crop in the world. Application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer has improved crop yield in the world during the past five decades but with considerable negative impacts on the environment. It is urgently needed to simultaneously increase yields while maintaining or preferably decreasing applied N to maximize the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crops. The experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during boro season of 2018 to assess growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of a rice variety “BRRI dhan50”. The rice variety was treated with five levels of nitrogenous fertilizers in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The nitrogen levels 0, 40, 80, 100 and 120 kg N ha^-1. The maximum grain yield (6.7 t ha^-1) was found when the variety was fertilized with 120 kg N -1. Application of 120 kg N ha^-1 also showed the highest nitrogen use efficiency (35 kg grain yield increased per kg N applied) of the rice variety. We concluded that application of the intermediate level of nitrogen was economical and environment-friendly for the cultivation of BRRI dhan50.

Keywords: Growth Yield, Nitrogen Uptake, BRRI dhan50.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: mosarafbau@googlemail.com (Md. Mosaraf Hossain)

How to cite this article: Hossain MM, Das SK and Kabiraj MS (2022). Effect on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of rice variety (BRRI dhan50) under different nitrogen fertilizer rates. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 9(1):48-53. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7010200.

Esita Ghosh¹, Md. Shahadot Hossain², Israt Yeafa³, Md. Hamidul Islam⁴

¹Department of Agricultural Economics and Social Science, Jhenidah Government Veterinary College, Jhenidah
²Satkhira Polytechnic Institute, Directorate of Technical Education, Bangladesh
³Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
⁴Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

The cost of repairing and maintaining a power tiller in Bangladesh is estimated using American standards which is not suitable with as the soil condition of Bangladesh. Hence, the specific objective of this study was to determine the actual unit factor for the repair and maintenance cost of power tiller used in Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was prepared through active consultation with subject matter specialists. Data was collected from the 154 key informants who were involved in operating and maintaining the power tiller for at least 5 years. The study was conducted in Dinajpur, Bogura, Sirajganj, Sherpur, Jamalpur, Mymensingh, Tangail, Jashore, Narail, Khulna, and Sathkira districts of Bangladesh from 4 September 2020 to 17 September 2021. The key informants were identified using the Snowball Sampling Technique. Data such as purchase price of power tiller, the average working hour in a day and the total number of working days in a year, and repair and maintenance cost of power tiller for consecutive five years were collected in this study. A new power tiller provides service for the first one year without any major repairing. But after that time, the power tiller needs to be repaired 2-3 times a year. The percentage cost factor of the power tiller was found at 0.00223, 0.0041, 0.00563, 0.00706, and 0.00877 respectively, based on the repair and maintenance data of the power tiller for the consecutive five years. The average percentage cost factor of the power tiller varied within the range of 0.00486 to 0.00905. The average unit factor of repair and maintenance cost of power tiller was found 0.00651 in the Bangladesh context and analysis by Mean, square-R in the regression model. The regression equation for the R&M cost factor of power tiller concerning annual use was Y (hr./yr.) = 1478 + 112963 X; where X: Accumulated cost factor in % and Y: Accumulated annual use hr./yr.p-value is less than 0.00001 and variation of the data value was significant. This cost factor data needs to be introduced to the researchers and academicians for further use instead of using cost factors based on foreign data.

Keywords: Power tiller, Repair, Maintenance, Snowball.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: esita.mim@gmail.com (Esita Ghosh)

How to cite this article: Ghosh E, Hossain MS, Yeafa I and MH Islam (2022). Determination of repair and maintenance cost factor of power tiller used in Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 9(1): 54-61. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7011815.

A. B. M. Raqibul Hasan^1,4, Shahanaz Begum², Md Abdul Awal³, MMR Jahangir¹, M Rafiqul Islam¹

¹Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh
²Department of Agricultural Extension, Khamrbari, Farmgate, Dhaka
³Department of Agricultural Extension, Bahubal, Habiganj
⁴Upazila Agriculture Officer, Bajitpur, Kishoreganj

An experiment was conducted on the research farm of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh during 2007 to investigate the effect of different levels of K application on Boro rice production in Old Brahmaputra Flood Plain Soil. The soil type was Non-Calcareous Dark Grey Floodplain. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment combinations were T₁, (absolute control), T₂ (full dose of NPSZnB), T₃ (50% of estimated K + full dose of NPSZnB), T₄ (75% of estimated K + full dose of NPSZnB), T₅ (100% of estimated K + full dose of NPSZnB) and T₆ (K equal to estimated apparent balance + full dose of NPSZnB). The growth and yield contributing characters were significantly influenced by the treatments. For Boro rice (var. Binadhan 5), the yield attributes and the grain and straw yields responded significantly due to the treatments. The grain and straw yields of Boro rice ranged from 2.15 to 6.45 t ha^-1 and 2. 80 to 8.06 t ha-1, respectively. The highest grain yield of 6.45 t ha^-1 was obtained in treatment T₅ (100% of estimated K + full dose of NPSZnB). A minimum replenishment of K from the soil reserve was observed. Economics of fertilizer uses for Boro rice cropping showed that among the treatments, T₅gave the highest benefit cost ratio 7.58. The results indicated that in order to obtain sustainably higher crop yield under intensive rice cultivation, the addition of potash fertilizer is necessary.

Keywords: Rice, Boro, Potassium.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: raqib29ag@gmail.com (A. B. M. Raqibul Hasan)

How to cite this article: Hasan ABMR, Begum S, Awal MA, Jahangir MMR and Islam MR (2022). Effect of potassium application on crop productivity in Boro rice production. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 9(1): 62-72. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7062879.