Amina Khatun¹, Ela Rani Shom², Dipali Rani Mallick², Seungmi Park³

¹National Institute of Advanced Nursing Education and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
²Department of Women’s Health and Midwifery Nursing, National Institute of Advanced Nursing Education and Research, Dhaka
³Department of Nursing, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea

Essential newborn care should be applied immediately after the baby is born and continued for at least the first 7 days after birth. Nearly all (99%) neonatal mortality occurs in developing countries. The objectives of this study were to assess the level of knowledge and practice and the relationship between knowledge and practice on essential newborn care among postnatal mothers in Bangladesh. A descriptive correlational design was conducted among 120 postnatal mothers selected by using convenient sampling method. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data. Finding shows that the relationship between knowledge and practice among postnatal mothers on essential newborn care statistically significant (r = 0.244, p <0.007). The mean age of the participants was 24.02 years (SD = 4.68). The results revealed that the postnatal mothers reported a moderate level of total knowledge, with the mean score was 9.99 ± 1.85 maximum and the moderate level of total practice, mean score was 3.20 ± 0.28 maximum. Older age group had higher knowledge (p<.03) and practice (p<.016) than younger age group on essential newborn care. The findings showed that mothers had moderate knowledge and practice on essential newborn care. Significant positive correlation between knowledge and practice was observed in old mothers. Younger mothers had significantly less knowledge and practice. The study suggests that nurses should educate mothers for essential newborn care, especially younger mothers during antenatal care.

Keywords: Postnatal Mothers, Newborn Care, Knowledge, Practice.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: aminakhatun971@gmail.com (Amina Khatun)

How to cite this article: Khatun A, Shom ER, Mallick DR and Park S (2021). Knowledge and practice on essential newborn care among postnatal mothers in Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(1): 01-10. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4659558.

Wedy Nasrul, Zulmardi, Tri Irfa Indrayani

Muhammadiyah University of West Sumater, Indonesia

Gambir (Uncaria Gambir Roxb) cultivation is very productive and has been going on for a long time, however the gambir market is not yet functioning properly. It is necessary to reconstruct the gambir market institution through several collective actions. This study used qualitative research methods. Data collection was carried out through direct observation or observation, in-depth interviews, group discussions, focused group discussions and documentation. Data analysis used qualitative descriptive analysis and triangulation. The results showed that the combination of the three potentials, namely collective action, social and institutional capital, can reconstruct the gambir market problem. These three aspects function and work together to reconstruct the gambir market problem so that the gambir market functions properly, the competition is perfect and benefits all transacting parties. The process of reconstruction of the gambir market needs to be carried out by providing institutional strengthening to increase the function of social capital as well as better synergy between institutions in producing collective action.

Keywords: Reconstruction, Market, Uncaria Gambir Roxb.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: wedy72nasrul@gmail.com (Wedy Nasrul)

How to cite this article: Nasrul W, Zulmardi and Indrayani TI (2021). Institutional reconstruction of the gambir agricultural market in Indonesia. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(1): 11-16. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4512877.

Keywords: .

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: mail.com ()

How to cite this article: .

Md. Ahsan Habib Pramanik¹, S. D. Chowdhury²

¹Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh
²Department of Poultry science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

The experiment was aimed to determine the effect of body weight at maturity on the productive and reproductive performance of broiler parent stock and to suggest correct grading of uniformity. Broiler parent stock were selected and divided according to the body weight and arranged as overweight, standard weight and underweight groups, which were considered as treatments. The experiment was conducted for 20 weeks (22 to 42 weeks of age). There were three treatments and each treatment has three replications. Each replication contained 12 hens and 2 males. The birds were managed in an open sided house. Similar management facilities and environmental conditions including feeding, watering ventilation, disease control, lighting, laying facilities etc were provided. The feeds were procured from a Feed Mill (Aftab Feed Mill Ltd., Bhagalpur, Bajitpur, Kishoregonj). Strict biosecurity measures were taken to reduce infections. The eggs laid by the experimental birds were counted, weighed and selected for observing other abnormalities. There was a slight variation in egg production, egg weight, and other abnormalities for eggs between the strains. The results in both strains were more or less similar. The production performance of standard weight group birds was satisfactory and considered as better layers than other body weight treatment groups. The egg weight did not vary widely in the body weight treatment groups. The birds within the recommended body weight and the body weight within ±10% of the standard birds considered as standard group. The soft-shelled egg and egg breakage were minimum in standard weight groups Such body weight group should be maintaining under Bangladesh conditions to obtain good potentiality from broiler parents.

Keywords: Broiler, Parent Stock, Body weight, Maturity, Production, Performance.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: mahmizan@gmail.com (MAH Pramanik)

How to cite this article: Pramanik MAH and Chowdhury SD (2021). Effect of body weight at maturity on the productive  and reproductive performance of broiler parent stock. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(1): 24-36. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4531452.

Mst. Mili Khatun¹, Fahima Khatun², Ela Rani Shom², Seungmi Park³

¹National Institute of Advanced Nursing Education and Research, Dhaka
²Department of Women’s Health and Midwifery Nursing, National Institute of Advanced Nursing Education and Research, Dhaka
³Department of Nursing, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea

Preterm birth has impact on infant and maternal health. In Bangladesh, the rate of preterm birth is around 14.1% of live births and 2nd leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity. Proportion of 45% of new born deaths occurs due to the complications from preterm birth. Maternal nursing care might influence in the reduction of preterm birth and promote maternal and infants health outcomes. The aim of this study is to explore the factors related to preterm birth mothers in Bangladesh. A descriptive correlational design was conducted among 100 preterm birth mothers selected by using convenient sampling method. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data. Finding shows that approximately 70% participants were from low income family and more than 40% of the participants have no formal education. 26% of them had never prenatal care and mother working experiences outside (p= .017) and mother who had burning sensation during urination were significantly (p = 0.019) higher gestational age. Housewife might have worse health conditions, which can affect to gestational age, and women who had burning sensation during urination might have close medical attention which could longer gestational age. To identify factors related to gestational age, further study should include not only preterm birth mother, but also all pregnant mother.

Keywords: Preterm Birth, Related Factor, Gestational Age.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: milikhatun31@gmail.com (Mst. Mili Khatun)

How to cite this article: Khatun MM, Khatun F, Shom ER and Park S (2021). Factors related to preterm birth mothers in Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(1): 37-47. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4602618.

M A Hossain¹, A Akhtar², A Haque³, KC Bhowmick⁴

¹Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
²Departmrnt of Livestock Services (DLS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
³Departmrnt of Agricultural Extension and Information System, Sher-e- Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
⁴Social Development Foundation (SDF), Mymensingh, Bangladesh

The study was conducted to investigate the socio-economic profile of the buffalo farmers and livelihood improvement at three unions namely Balijuri, Jorekhali, and Karaichura of Madargonj upazila of Jamalpur district. Three villages were selected from each union with 90 farmers in Jamalpur district. Data was collection from October to December, 2018 through personal interviewing with pre-tested questionnaire. The investigation revealed that buffalo rearing was practiced by middle (30-45 years) and old (>45 years) aged farmers. 22.22 % of buffalo farmers were illiterate, 44.44 % primary education and <SSC 33.33 %. The major occupation of selected farmers were buffalo (55.55 %) followed by beef (16.67%), sheep/goat (16.67 %) and crop farming (11.11%). The buffalo farmers had training skills (61.11%) and maximum farmers (72.22 %) used ASA/SDF loan where 27.78 % used own capital for buffalo’s production. The buffalo farmers purchased usually one pair of buffalo (50.00%) and reared at least for 2 years. The farmers fed their buffalos with locally available road side and river side grasses and some practiced concentrate feeding. Semi-intensive feeding system was practiced (66.67 %) for rearing of buffaloes followed by extensive feeding system (33.33 %). Most of farmers allowed wallowing buffaloes once or twice per day. Main diseases were found Foot and Mouth disease (38.89 %) followed by diarrhoea (33.33 %), black quarter (16.67 %) and hemorrhagic septicemia (11.11 %). Most of the farmers practiced vaccination and de-worming regularly. The highest portion of the farmers used average cost of one buffalo at 103,667.00 BDT. The annual total cost of production was BDT 114,167.00, and return was 52,883.00 BDT per buffalo. The annual food and cloth purchasing capacity of buffalo farmers were found to be increased to 33.36 and 30.46 %, respectively and all other impact parameters were also increased through buffalo rearing. Considering all parameters, ameliorating livelihood would easily improved by buffalo farming of farmers in studied areas.

Keywords: Buffalo production, Indigenous, Livelihood improvement, Impact assessment.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: anwar.kbd82@gmail.com (MA Hossain)

How to cite this article: Hossain MA, Akhtar A, Haque A and Bhowmick KC (2021). Livelihood improvement of farmers through buffalo farming at Madarganj upazila of Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(1): 48-57. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4602834.

Mst. Sharmin Akter¹, Dolan Das¹, Md. Ashraf Zaman Faruk², Sobrata Das³, Md Rizwanul Islam Tuhin⁴

¹Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202
²Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
³Department of Physiology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
⁴Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur

The aim of this work was to assess the effect of dietary supplement with neem (Azadirachta indica) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract in drinking water as a growth promoter agent on growth performance in broiler. A total of 60, day-old chicks were purchased from local hatchery (Nourish Poultry Hatchery Ltd.) and after three days of acclimatization , chicks were randomly allocated into two groups: A & B. Keeping group A as normal control group without any treatment, group B was subjected to treat with 2% neem and turmeric extract in drinking water. At the end of the experiment (30th days), it was found that there was no mortality in both group A& B and all the broilers had an increased body weight comparing with control group A (Net body weight gain in group A: 1720±43.5g and group B: 1824±51.25g at day 30). At the view of economic analysis, the net profit of broiler per kg was at Taka 9.83 (Group A) and Taka 19.85 (Group B).On the basis of the result of the study, it was concluded that supplementation of 2% neem and turmeric extracts improve the growth performance of broiler can be a step for the production of organic broiler in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Neem, Turmeric, Growth promoter, Broiler.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: sakterru@gmail.com (Mst. Sharmin Akter)

How to cite this article: Akter MS, Das D, Faruk MAZ, Das S and Tuhin MRI (2021). Comparative efficacy of neem and turmeric extracts as growth promoter in broilers. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(1): 58-65. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4609541.

Mustahidul Mahamud¹, Hossain Al Mahafuz², Md. Shahin Hawladar³, M. Ariful Azim⁴

¹Department of Social Science, Military Collegiate School Khulna
²Department of English, Military Collegiate School Khulna
³Department of Agriculture, Military Collegiate School Khulna
⁴Department of Biology, Military Collegiate School Khulna

Smartphone is one of the modern means of communication and entertainment to the people of all ages. But it is considered as the most precious object to the young. Due to the pandemic of COVID-19 most of the times students were bound to stay inside the home and passed their time by using Smartphones. Besides, the provision of online classes and exams prepared the valid ground of using Smartphone for the students. As such the intimacy with Smartphone became a habit of the students that initiated a radical change in their behavioral pattern. The aim of the study was to find out the rate and frequency of using Smartphone by the students, the ways of penetration of western culture in their minds by various social media and to determine the negative impact of age-restricted sites on the students. Therefore, we started to collect data on a random basis from various educational institutions in and around Khulna district of Bangladesh during September to December 2020. The study showed that the use of Smartphone recently accelerated in our country when the government of Bangladesh initiated the provision of online programs for the students. In fact most of the students want to keep their phone in their hands all the time except the sleeping hours. The study demonstrated that uncontrolled use of Smartphone brought fundamental change in the behavior, culture, tradition, thoughts, morality and psychology of the students throughout the country.There is a strong correlation between research findings and the use of Smartphones. As well as presenting the results, this study highlights some far-reaching recommendations to reduce the negative impact of using smartphones.

Keywords: Smartphone, E-learning, E-commerce, Social Media, Adolescence, Behavior, Norms, Values, Traditions.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: mustahid_mcsk@yahoo.com (Mustahidul Mahamud)

How to cite this article: Mahamud M, Mahafuz HA, Hawladar MS and Azim MA (2021). Effect of uncontrolled use of Smartphone on behavioral pattern of students in Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(1): 66-74. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4662047.

Mouhamadou Amadou LY¹, Robane FAYE¹ , Mbaye TINE¹, CheikhTidiane BA²

¹UFR des Sciences Agronomiques de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires, Université Gaston Berger, Sénégal
²Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of temperature variation on food intake and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus, 1758). Nile tilapia with an average weight of 13.52 ± 0.23 g was used in this study. Three hundred (300) juveniles were randomly selected and stored in 15 aquariums of 50 L capacity. Five (5) treatments were tested in triplicate. Thermostats were used to maintain temperatures at 20, 23, 26, 29 and 32°C respectively. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks. The juveniles were weighted each two weeks and growth parameters were calculated. Juveniles were fed twice a day at (8:30 am and 3:30 pm) with commercial feed containing 32% protein. Water quality parameters were measured daily and readjusted whenever necessary. The results of this study showed a significant growth difference in fish reared at 29 and 32°C compared to those reared at 20 and 23°C.The feed conversion rate increases with temperature.The feed conversion rate is obtained with the batch raised at 29°C. No significant difference was observed between the feed conversion rate of treatments raised in waters at 29 and 32°C. With respect to survival rates, statistical analyses showed no significant difference between the different treatments. In conclusion, water temperatures at or above 29°C seem to be more appropriate for Oreochromis niloticus. The juveniles at 33°C were very eager during feeding while the others were less active.In conclusion, water temperatures ranging from 29-32 °C seem to be the most efficient for the culture of Oreochromis niloticus.

Keywords: Oreochromis niloticus, Temperature, Growth, Feed Conversion rate.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: mamaly90@hotmail.com (Mouhamadou Amadou LY)

How to cite this article: Mouhamadou A LY, Robane FAYE, Mbaye TINE and Cheikh T BA (2021). Effect of temperature variation on food intake and growth of Oreochromis niloticus. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(1): 75-80. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4694826.

Shahrina Akhtar¹, Md. Jafar Ullah¹, Md. Kamal Uddin Ahamed², Abdul Hamid³, Md. Shahidul Islam¹, M Rafiqul Islam⁴

¹Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
²Department of Crop Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
³Agrarian Research Foundation, Lalmatia, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
⁴Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh MujiburRahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh

This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of planting dates on the phenology, morphology, and yield of white maize varieties under a subtropical environment. Four varieties, V₁: PSC 121, V₂: Yangnuo-7, V₃: Youngnau 30 and V₄: Changnuo-6 and three planting dates, S₁: 29 May 2017, S₂: 21 June 2017, and S₃: 6 July 2017 were the treatment variables. The experiment was laid out following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data on various phenological, morphological, and yield and yield-related attributes were collected. May sowing took longer days to attain 6-collar leaf and 10-collar leaf stages. The 50% tasselling and 50% silking showed at least 4-5 days early for late sowing in July. Days to maturity were not remarkably affected by the sowing dates, but varietal differences existed. Yungnuo-30 took the longest days to maturity in May sowing. The highest plant height was measured in PSC-121 followed by Changnuo-6 sown in May. The genotype Yungnuo-30 showed a 28.7% reduction in plant height in July sowing. The sowing date had little effect on the number of leaves, but varietal differences in producing leaves were highly significant. It is remarkable that the genotype PSC-121 developed the maximum leaf area at 60 DAS for May planting but produced the least at 90 DAS for June planting. The total dry matter decreased to a great extent for June sowing irrespective of genotypes. The highest dry matter weight was observed from May sowing for the PSC-121 genotype followed by July sowing for the same genotype. Crop sown in May recorded the highest ear weight, the number of grains per cob, grain weight, and seed yield, which were statistically similar with July sowing but June sowing significantly reduced all those parameters. The June planting experienced moisture stress at the early stage of stand establishment. The genotype PSC-121 performed better for all those parameters for May and July sowing, followed by the genotype Yungnuo-30. The highest seed yield (7.35 t ha^-1) was obtained in PSC-121 followed by Yungnuo-30 for May sowing. The higher seed weight for May sowing was attributed to higher ear weight and the number of grains per ear. Therefore, sowing of white maize in Kharif season depends of the yield potential of the genotypes and weather conditions for achieving higher production.

Keywords: Sowing time, Genotypes, Phenology, Morphology, Yield, White maize.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: shahrina.akhtar@gmail.com (Shahrina Akhtar)

How to cite this article: Akhtar S, Ullah MJ, Ahamed MKU, Hamid A, Islam MS and Islam MR (2021). Sowing date effects on phenology and yield of white maize genotypes during Kharif season under subtropical environment. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(1): 81-90. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4698306.

Kunjo Roy¹, Mst. AfrozaKhatun², Nipa Rani Sarker³, Hosne Mobarak³

^1,2Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Hajee Mohammed Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh
^3,4Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Hajee Mohammed Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Mash and Pellet feed on the production performance of Sonali chicken in Bangladesh. A total of 176 day old chicks (DOC) were randomly assigned into two treatment groups, namely T₁andT₂ having four replications in each treatment group. Chicks were brooded up to 28 days then randomly separate into replication wise in a separated pen for rearing up to 11 weeks. Each treatment group contains 88 birds, whereas each replication contains 22 birds. Experimental birds in T₁ and T₂ were provided Pellet feed and Mash feed, respectively. The results of this study were indicated that the final live weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of birds found significantly (p<0.05) higher in T₁ group (814.33±14.38g) that received Pellet feed (T₁) compared to Mash feed group (T₂) (725.00±11.80g). This result also indicated that body weight gain and feed efficiency were increased at Pellet feed. The low feed cost found in T₂ and high in T₁ group. Net profit Tk. found maximum in T₂ (26.30±1.88) followed by T₁ (25.78±1.60).The present study concludes that Pellet feed is more economical than Mash feed.

Keywords: Sonali chicken, Pellet feed, Mash feed.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: nipa.bau02@gmail.com (Nipa Rani Sarker)

How to cite this article: Roy K, Khatun MA, Sarker NR and Mobarak H (2021). Effect of pellet and mash feed on the production performance of Sonali chicken. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(1): 91-97. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4724966.

Mohammed Belal Uddin¹, Meerjady Sabrina Flora²

¹Upazila Health Complex, Mirsarai, Chittagong, Bangladesh
²Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Dhaka, Bangladesh

A cross sectional study was conducted during the period of January to June 2012 to determine the extent of bullying in adolescent students and its association with their mental health and psychosomatic complaints. A total of 213 male adolescent students were purposively selected from Khaiya Chara High School of Mirsharai Upazila in Chittagong district. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire. The adolescents were in class VI through X. Highest proportion (30.0%) students were in class VI. The adolescents were almost equally distributed in every age group. The mean ± SD and median age of the respondents were 13.69 ±1.55 and 13.43 years, respectively. About 23% adolescents were bullied and 25% of the study samples were bully. Highest proportion of victims were the students of class VI (30.2%), ≤ 12 years (32.1%). One-fourth adolescents were bullied and told somebody about their bullying problem. It was found that 8% bullied student did not seek help at all. The proportions of bullied students were equally distributed with depression score. Although the depression score was high in bully-victim group (70.8%) than (38.5%) bully, (50%) victim and (42.9%) neutral group but it was statistically insignificant. Higher proportion (54.2%) victims had high psychosomatic symptoms score and others (45.8%) were within normal limit. Higher proportion (56.2%) bully-victim also high psychosomatic symptom score and others (44.0%) were within normal score. Bully was equally distributed with psychosomatic symptom score. On the other hand, neutral students were higher proportion within normal psychosomatic symptom score. The difference of psychosomatic symptom score between all groups involved in bullying was obvious but, it was proved statistically insignificant. The study identified bullying is a momentous problem for both bullies and victims’ mental and psychosomatic health. Study findings indicate that bullying in adolescents should no longer exist. Awareness build-up in primary to secondary education system is important to reduce the bullying and its precursor factors.

Keywords: Bullying, Mental health, Student, Adolescent, Bangladesh.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: belaluddin43@yahoo.com (Mohammed Belal Uddin)

How to cite this article: Uddin MB and Flora MS (2021). Bullying and mental health problems in adolescent students. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(1): 98-111. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4727245.