Sharif Uddin, Sadhan Chandra Sarker², Debashis Kumar Mondal³  

¹Senior Upazila Fisheries Officer, Akhaura, Brahmanbaria, Bangladesh
²Senior Upazilla Fisheries Officer, Laksam, Comilla, Bangladesh
³Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Sub-station, Jessore, Bangladesh

Fish growing in aquaculture system can be contaminated with chemicals, pathogens and toxins. The use of various pharmaceutical products, anti-fouling paints, and fish food are all potential sources of chemical contaminants from commercial aquaculture operations such as fish farms. Products that are highly water soluble, break down readily, and do not bind to sediments are less likely to cause significant impacts. Integrated fish farming with livestock production can cause microbial, chemical contamination from livestock sources. Animal manure is shed directly into a fish pond as fertilizer and supports the growth of photosynthetic organisms. The livestock, mainly chickens and pigs, is often fed feed containing growth promoters. Integrated fish farming seems to favor antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the pond environment. The fish with zoonotic pathogens can cause significant threat to human health though consumption of contaminated or affected fish. The situation is going worse in low and middle income countries due to unplanned and improper aquaculture system. The paper demonstrates the possible ways of contamination of fish and attribute to the selective pressure of chemicals and antimicrobials in the pond environment and/or to the introduction of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from different sources. The review will help for scientific communities and stakeholders for building awareness and conducting research by addressing the issues for improved risk assessments, clinical management and prevention and control of these hazards.

Keywords: Health, Chemical hazard, Microbial hazard, Fisheries.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: sharifuddin_15@yahoo.com (Sharif Uddin)

How to cite this article: Uddin S, Sarker SC and Mondal DK (2018). Health risk from contaminated aquaculture fish. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 5(2): 01-16.

M Mehedi Hasan, M Asaduzzaman Sarker, M Nasir Uddin, M Zulfikar Rahman

Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Climate change has triggered the increased incidence of extreme disasters like cyclone, flood, soil salinity etc. in the coastal region of Bangladesh. Thus, the study was undertaken mainly to determine the role of NGOs in attaining climate change in the coastal area under Patuakhali district of Bangladesh. The data were collected from 80 randomly selected respondents from the study area. The findings of the study revealed that many NGOs have been working on climate change among them BRAC were a crucial NGO. Besides, most of the respondents had knowledge, perception and awareness about climate resilience. According to the absolute majority (100 percent) of the respondents BRAC is playing medium to high role in attaining climate resilience. Respondent’s education, organizational participation, communication exposure, training on climate change issues and extent of participation in climate resilience program showed positive and significant relationship with the role of BRAC in attaining climate resilience, while  only household size show negative and significant relationship. Step-wise multiple regression analysis explored that amongst six independent variables, four (education, communication exposure, training and participation in climate change program) variables finally entered into the study and their contribution accounted for 54.7 percent of the total variation in the role of BRAC in attaining climate resilience. It was found that all (100 percent) of the respondents had faced low to medium level problems in getting BRAC’s services during climate change and its resilience.

Keywords: Climate resilience, BRAC, Coastal region, Bangladesh.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: masarker@bau.edu.bd (MA Sarker)

How to cite this article: Hasan MM, Sarker MA, Uddin MN and Rahman MZ (2018). Role of BRAC in attaining climate resilience: a micro level study from coastal region of Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 5(2): 17-27.

Md. Al-Faruk¹, Md. Fazlul Hoque¹, Md. Shajedur Rahman¹, Md. Abu Hassan²  

¹Department of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh
²Department of Anatomy and Histology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

The study was conducted over a period of one year from October 2016 to October 2017 in different milk chilling centers of Aarong Dairy at Gurudaspur upazila in Natore District. A total of 245 milk samples were randomly collected for the study and the samples were tested by somatic cells count test. The overall prevalence of clinical mastitis in cows was 11.02%, of which 6.53% was significantly (P<0.05) higher severe clinical form of mastitis, 3.67% by moderate clinical form and 0.82% by mild clinical form of mastitis. Mastitis was significantly (P<0.05) higher in cross breed cows (15.2 %) than the local breed (6.67%). On age basis mastitis was higher in above 7 years cows (16.92%), moderate in 5-7 years cows (9.47%) and lowest in below 4 years cows (8.23%). Prevalence of mastitis was highest in early lactation stage (17.89%) followed by mid lactation stage (7.5%) and lowest in late lactation stage (5.71%). On the basis of quarter infection in dairy cows about 55.56% affect single quarter followed by 25.95% in two quarters, 11.11% in three quarters and 7.40% was in four quarter respectively. There was significant relationship (P<0.05 between prevalence of clinical mastitis with general physical condition and periparturient diseases of mastitis indicating that poor physical condition cows and  periparturient diseases favours in the occurrence of mastitis in dairy cows than the good physical  condition. Treatment with  Masticare plus® @100 gm (Square) was effective  for the cureness of  mild clinical form of mastitis,  Inj.Gentaren @ 10 ml injection (Renata) and Inj.Kop-Vet® (Square)  @100 ml was effective for the  cureness of  moderate clinical  form of mastitis, Mastanil® @ 7.5 gm ointment (TECHNO), systemic antibiotic Inj. Amcox 2.5 gm @ Renata and  anti- mastitis powder Masticare plus ®  @100 gm (square)  was effective for the cureness of severe clinical  form of mastitis respectively. The study revealed that mastitis may found in dairy cows in different forms in respect of their breed, age, lactation stage, and quarter variation, risk factors also plays important role in the occurrence of mastitis.

Keywords: Mastitis, Risk factor, Somatic cell count test, Dairy cow.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: fhoque.hstu@gmail.com (MF Hoque)

How to cite this article: Faruk MA, Hoque MF, Rahman MS and Hassan MA (2018). Prevalence and risk factors of mastitis in cows at Gurudaspur upazila in Natore district. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 5(2): 28-34.

Jubaidur Rahman¹, Mukaddasul Islam Riad², Majharul Islam³, Anwara Akter⁴, Md. Faridul Islam⁵

¹Scientific Officer, Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
²Scientific Officer, Plant Genetic Resources Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
³Scientific Officer, Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agricultural, Mymensingh – 2200, Bangladesh
⁴Scientific Officer, Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
⁵Scientific Officer, On-Farm Research Division Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Sherpur, Bangladesh

For sustaining food security, poverty reduction, resource management and livelihood improvement of ever increasing populations To increase cropping intensity and productivity in rice based cropping system is necessary to increase. An Experiment was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jamalpur (AEZ 8) during rabi season (October-March, winter) of 2015-2016 in this regard. Six treatments of cropping sequence were as follows: CP₁= Potato – Mungbean – T. Aus – T. Aman, CP₂= Potato – Lalshak- Mungbean – T. Aus – T. Aman, CP₃= Mustard – Lalshak- Mungbean – T. Aus – T. Aman, CP₄= Garden pea – Boro – T. Aus – T. Aman, CP₅= Garden pea – Lalshak- Mungbean – T. Aus – T. Aman, CP₆= Fallow – Boro – Fallow – T. Aman (Farmers practice). The highest REY (34.76 t/ha) was recorded from the cropping sequence Potato – Lalshak- Mungbean – T. Aus – T. Aman followed by Potato – Mungbean – T. Aus – T. Aman (27.44 t/ha). The lowest REY (7.11 t/ha) was obtained from the cropping sequence Fallow – Boro – Fallow – T. Aman (Farmers practice). From one year study it was observed that highest total productivity, gross margin and gross return was obtained from Potato – Lalshak- Mungbean – T. Aus – T. Aman. Garden pea – Lalshak- Mungbean – T. Aus – T. Aman cropping pattern gave the highest profitability in terns of MBCR (Marginal Benefit Cost Ratio). Four crops based patterns can be recommended for higher productivity, soil enrichment & economic benefit besides creating more employment opportunity.

Keywords: Rice, Mustard, Mungbean, Potato, Cropping pattern.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: jubaidurjp@gmail.com (Jubaidur Rahman)

How to cite this article: Rahman J, Riad MI, Islam M, Akter A and Islam MF (2018). Rice-based cropping pattern for increasing cropping intensity and productivity in Jamalpur region under AEZ 09. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 5(2): 35-41.

Mohammad Abdul Kuddus¹, Mahbubul Alam Miah¹, Gopal Chandra Datta¹, Ashoke Kumar Sarker¹, Md. Jahangir Alam¹, Mas Hossain², Md. Monower Hossain³, Shaikh Md. Abdul Hamid¹

¹World Fish, Bangladesh & South Asia Office
²Scientific Officer, Soil Resource Development Institute, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
³Field Coordinator, International Potato Center (CIP), Gaibanda, Bangladesh

The present study, comprising of four high yielding sweet potato varieties viz. BARI SP-4, BARI SP-7, BARI SP-8 and BARI SP-13 was conducted at two locations namely Rahimpur and Dithpur of Bishwanath upazila of Sylhet region of Bangladesh during 2016-17 cropping seasons for their yield potentiality, suitability and acceptability. Among the studied varieties, it was observed that BARI SP-4 performed better and BARI SP-13 performed least. At Rahimpur, BARI SP-4 produced the highest yield (29.33 t ha^-1) followed by BARI SP-7 (20.74 t ha^-1) and BARI SP-8 (20.00 t ha^-1) while the lowest yield was recorded in BARI SP-13 (10.00 t ha^-1).  At Dithpur, BARI SP-4 produced the highest yield (21.24 t ha^-1) followed by BARI SP-7 (19.31 t ha^-1) and BARI SP-8 (18.60 t ha^-1) while the lowest was recorded in BARI SP-13 (11.29 t ha^-1). However, the mean of 2 locations appeared the highest in BARI SP-4 (25.28 t ha^-1) followed by BARI SP-7 (20.02 t ha^-1) and BARI SP-8 (19.30 t ha^-1) and the lowest was recorded in BARI SP-13 (10.65 t ha^-1).  No significant variations were observed in foliage yield and foliage coverage (%) at both locations. The average foliage yield of two locations ranged from 3.35 to 4.15 t ha^-1. In an organoleptic assessment, storage roots and leaves of BARI SP-4 got best preferences among the respondents in respect to their appearances, color, taste, texture and fiber content.  Therefore, BARI SP-4 may be suitable and community acceptable variety in Sylhet region of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Orange-fleshed sweet potato, Participatory evaluation, Hidden hunger, Foliage canopy, Organoleptic assessment.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: m.kuddus@cgiar.org (MA Kuddus)

How to cite this article: Kuddus MA, Miah MA, Datta GC, Sarker AK, Alam MJ, Hossain M and Hamid  SMA (2018). Participatory evaluation of orange-fleshed sweet potato varieties in Sylhet region. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 5(2): 42-49.

Md. Ujjal Hosen¹, Abu Rayhan¹, Tanzina Sharin², Md. Safaet Alam², Samir Kumer Sarker²

¹Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
²Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Present study was conducted to improve the food quality of traditional salted Hilsa (Hilsa ilisha) products of Bangladesh, and updating the knowledge of the older processes and highlighting important new areas of work. It was found that traditional salted Hilsa processed with poor quality crude solar salt under poor hygienic condition. It was also found that they do not maintain fish: salt ratio in most cases. Trading of salted Hilsa products is considered as a profitable business by all concerned. Salted Hilsa collected from retail market was organoleptically graded as good (Type-1), moderate (Type-2) and poor (Type-3) in overall quality respectively. Moisture, crude protein, lipid, ash, and salt content of collected market salted Hilsa samples were 40.03- 43.09 %, 23.58- 21.91 %, 21.21 – 17.39 %, 16.15- 17.55 % and 17.25-19.22 % respectively. Per-oxide (P.O) value, TVBN value and bacterial load of collected market salted Hilsa samples were 97.64-107.39 meq/kg, 30.29– 35.94 mg/100g and 1.83×10⁶– 2.61×10⁶ CFU/g respectively. Organoleptically all the salted Hilsa products have got deteriorated in overall quality in storage condition. Presence of unwanted chemicals in fish sample have been detected which included Arsenic- 0.16µg/g, Cadmium- 0.04 µg/g, and Lead-0.13 µg/g.

Keywords: Salted Hilsa, Quality, Bangladesh.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: rayhanbaugmail.com (Abu Rayhan)

How to cite this article: Hosen MU, Rayhan A, Sharin T, Alam MS and Sarker SK (2018). Quality attributes of salted Hilsa (Hilsa ilisha). International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 5(2): 50-54.

Pranab Paul¹, Tanni Chanda², Tanjila Hasan¹, Avijit Dutta³, Priyanka Das⁴, Saddam Hossain⁴, Goutam Kumar Debnath⁵

¹Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4225, Bangladesh
²Department of Dairy Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patakhali, Banglaldesh
³Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4225, Bangladesh
⁴Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4225, Bangladesh
⁵Dearpment. of Dairy Science and Poultry Science, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4225,  Bangladesh

This present study was undertaken to have a comparative investigation on the nutritional, chemical and microbiological quality of milk, supplied by the farmers from their own farm (OFM), middleman collecting milk from single farm (MMSL) or middleman collecting milk from multiple farms (MMOP), to the inhabitants of city corporation and rural areas of Sylhet division. A total forty four samples that collected from city corporation (28) and rural areas (16) were analyzed for nutritional (percentage of butter fat, solids not fat, protein, lactose), chemical (added adulterates and preservative status) and microbiological (Total Coliform Count, Total Staphylococcal Count) parameters among the sources. The result of the study reveals that milk of rural areas have little higher nutritional value compare to city corporation milk but there was no significant difference (p>0.05). Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Total Staphylococcal Count in city corporation area were 325.32 and 642.67 CFU/ml whereas 296.76 and 610.23 CFU/ml) in rural areas indicating higher microbial load in the milk supplied to city corporation compare to rural inhabitants. It was also found that among the three sources of milk 75% of MMOP milk samples were adulterated with water where only 25% of OFM and no MMSL samples were adulterated with water. But preservatives like formalin, hydrogen peroxide were not found in any samples. So it may be concluded as, rural people get good quality milk compare to city corporations inhabitants but in both areas middleman who supplies milk of multiple farm, adulterate their milk with water.

Keywords: Milk, Quality, Sylhet division, City Corporation Rural areas.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: Pranab Paul (pranabpaulcu@gmail.com)

How to cite this article: Paul P, Chanda T, Hasan T, Dutta A, Das P, Hossain S and Debnath GK (2018). Quality of milk consumed by inhabitants of city corporation and rural areas of Sylhet division. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 5(2): 55-60.

Ahnaf Tausif Ul Haque¹, Nazmul Ahsan Khan¹, Shyamal Kanti Barman²

¹Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
²Director, Sustainable Development Associates, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Now a day vermi-compost has appeared as one of the most popular organic fertilizer used for organic agriculture. The study was conducted in Mithapukur,in Rangpur, Khulna Sadar in Khulna and Daudkandi in Cumilla through the questionnaire survey, focus group discussion, key informant interview and case study documentation. The total of 90 respondents from three districts was interviewed where 60 were experimental respondents and 30 were from control respondent groups. From each districts, 20 experimental and 10 control respondents were selected. According to the producer groups of different locations, an average production cost for per kilogram of vermi-compost is about Taka 7 to 8 and sell it taka 12 to 20 per Kg. Rice is the main crop of the respondents and 100% of them are engaged in rice cultivation. Besides, winter vegetable, potato and wheat are more prominent crop cultivated by the respondents. There 87% respondents of the experimental group are now applying vermi-compost in their vegetable plots, 30% in rice fields and 17% in other crops. In an average, they apply more than 2 kilogram per decimal in rice fields and >1.5 kg per decimal in vegetable fields. According to 62% respondent of experimental group and 27% of control group vermi-compost could increase water holding capacity of soil by 30% or above. About 48% respondents of experimental group stated that vermi-compost increase resistance to disease attack in the plants and also increase number of flowers as well as crop production.

Keywords: Vermi-Compost, Crop Production, Respondents, Soil nutrients.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: ahnafshafin12@gmail.com (ATU Haque)

How to cite this article: Haque ATU, Khan NA and Barman SK (2018). Vermi-compost in agricultural production in Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 5(2): 61-68.

Abdul Alim¹, Kamruzzaman², Mustafizur Rahman³, Md. Ruhul Amin³

¹Department of Fisheries, Barishal, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Bangladesh
²Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
³Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

To assess the effects of stocking density on growth and production of monosex male tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in ponds, an experiment was carried out during the period of two months from 14 March to 18 May 2013. Three stocking densities were used as 50, 100 and 150 fish /dec and designated the treatment as T₁, T₂ and T₃ respectively. Each treatment has three replications. Monosex male tilapia having a mean body weight of 0.117g was used in T₁, T₂ and T_3, respectively. A commercial feed fed at the rate of 30% body weight up to first 7 days and then gradually it was readjusted to 25%, 20%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12% and 10%, respectively. The water quality parameters were monitored at 7 days interval and the ranges were: temperature 26.53 to 30.13^°C, pH 6.68 to 8.71, dissolved oxygen 4.8 to 5.83mg/l and transparency 32.2 to 44.8 cm. At the end of the trial, the growth performance was evaluated by comparing mean final body weight and specific growth rate (SGR). The result of the present study showed that, the fish in T₁ stocked at the rate of 50 fish/dec resulted the best individual weight gain (35.97g) followed by T₂ (34.27g) and T₃ (32.13g) respectively. The SGR ranged between 8.77 and 8.95%. There was no significant variation (P<0.01) among the survival rate (%) which ranged from 74.56 to 78%. The production was 1.40, 2.58 and 3.59 kg/dec in T₁, T₂ and T_3, respectively. But the highest production of 3.59kg/dec was obtained in T₃ with stocking of 150 fish/dec due to higher stocking density. Although the highest production was obtained in T₃ but individually growth performance of monosex male tilapia was higher in T₁. Based on the result of present experiment, farmers could be suggested to rear tilapia (O. niloticus) at lower stocking density (50 fish/dec) to get higher growth and survival in a short period of time.

Keywords: Stocking density, Monosex tilapia, Male, Growth and production, Ponds.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: abdulalim1878@gmail.com (Abdul Alim)

How to cite this article: Alim A, Kamruzzaman, Rahman M and Amin MR (2018). Effects of stocking density on growth and production of monosex male tilapia in ponds. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 5(2): 69-75.

Md. Abdullah Al Mahamud¹, Kamruzzaman², Md. Shahadat Hossen³, Gias Uddin Ahmed⁴

¹Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock Development Program, HEED Bangladesh, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh
²Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
³Upozila Fisheries Officer, Department of Fisheries, Kamalgonj, Moulovibazar, Bangladesh
⁴ Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

A study was conducted to analysis of appropriate stocking density for profitable farming of of Thai Koi (Anabas testudineus) over a period of 165 days from 29 September 2010 to 13 March 2011 in nine earthen ponds located in the northern side of the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Three stocking densities such as 500/decimal (T₁), 750/decimal (T₂) and 1000/decimal (T₃) were tested with the three replications. The water quality parameters were monitored at fortnightly interval. The mean value of water temperature in T₁, T₂ and T₃ was 23.25 ± 1.95°C, dissolved oxygen content were 5.0 ± 1.33 mg/L, 4.95 ± 1.32 mglL and 5.05 ± 1.11, pH were 7.50 ± 0.20, 7.62 ± 0.28 and 7.70 ± 0.36 and alkalinity were 171.00 ± 19.12, 168.00 ± 18.14 and 164.00 ± 25.47 respectively. At the end of the study the mean specific growth rates of Thai Koi were 0.89%, 0.85%, and 0.84%, the average weight gain (g) were 43.69 ± 0.11, 36.69 ± 1.90 and 36.36 ± 0.29 in T₁, T₂ and T₃ respectively. The survival rates were 95.08%, 95.49% and 88.00% in T₁, T₂ and T₃ respectively. Fish productions were 5155.50 kg/ha, 8543.62 kg/ha and 10558.55 Kg/ha in 165 days and the cost benefit ratio were found 1.39, 1.41 and 1.51in T₁, T₂ and T₃ respectively. The results demonstrated significantly higher mean production and net benefit in T₃ than in T₁ and T₂ (P<0.05). The highest production was found in T₃ in which stocking density was 1000/decimal and the lowest production was found in T₁ which stocking density was 500/decimal. The highest net profit was also obtained from T₃ followed by T₁, and T₂.

Keywords: Thai Koi, Stocking density, Profitable farming.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: mduzzalprodhan@gmail.com (MAA Mahamud)

How to cite this article: Mahamud MAA, Kamruzzaman, Hossen MS and Ahmed GU (2018). Stocking density for profitable farming of Thai Koi in Mymensingh region. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 5(2): 76-83.

Kamruzzaman¹, Abdul Alim², Md. Abdullah Al Mahamud³, Md. Abul Mansur¹

¹Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
²Department of Fisheries, Barishal, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Bangladesh
³Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock Development Program, HEED Bangladesh, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh

The study was conducted on the three popular freshwater fish species of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), shing, (Heteropneustes fossilis) and pangus, (Pangasius sutchi) collected from pond and open water in Mymensingh. All samples were evaluated by studying proximate composition. Crude protein, lipid, moisture and ash content (%) of O. niloticus collected from pond water were 19.27±0.82, 3.91±0.31, 73.42±0.60 and 0.96±0.06 respectively and 17.55±1.39, 3.77±0.34, 78.08±1.86 and 2.27±0.34 respectively for O. niloticus collected from open water. Crude protein, lipid, moisture and ash content (%) of H. fossilis of pond water were 14.09±0.96, 6.47±0.56, 78.94±1.08 and 0.95±0.07 respectively and 15.40±0.63, 4.00±0.11, 79.91±1.02 and 1.22±0.22 respectively for open water H. fossilis. Protein, lipid, moisture and ash content (%) of pond water P. sutchi were 20.89±1.03, 4.40±0.53, 75.77±0.66 and 0.94±0.03 respectively and for open water P. sutchi those were 19.06±1.80, 6.01±0.13, 75.22±0.87 and 1.26±0.28 respectively. The result revealed that pond water fishes have higher percentage of protein and lipid and lower percentage of moisture and ash in their body than the fishes of open water. The proximate composition may vary due to supply of higher protein and lipid concentrated artificial feed in the pond whereas open water sources have no opportunity to supply of artificial feed.

Keywords: Tilapia, Shing, Pangus, Proximate composition, Open water, Pond water.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: kamrul.bau90@gmail.com (Kamruzzaman)

How to cite this article: Kamruzzaman, Alim A, Mahamud MAA and Mansur MA (2018). Proximate composition of Oreochromis niloticus, Heteropneustes fossilis and Pangasius sutchi collected from pond and open water. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 5(2): 84-88.

Sadik Hasan Shuvo 

Department of Local Government and Urban Development, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Rohingya is the largest persecuted minority community and Rohingya crisis the most inhumane event of contemporary civilized world. The armed force of Myanmar and the local Buddhist people are carrying out this persecution in Rakhine state. The unarmed men, women and children are being victim of brutal killing, fire and rape. They are being bounded to flee to Bangladesh and other neighboring countries. Rohingya is now an unbearable imposed problem on Bangladesh. Bangladesh is trying to solve the problem but fails due to lack of effective international support. Both internal and geo-politics of Myanmar are behind the crisis. The local Buddhists don’t want to tolerate Rohingyas in Rakhaine and Rohingya repression is a means to gain popularity for the political parties in Myanmar.  China and India support Myanmar for geo-political reason while Russia and Israel are backing Myanmar for their political and business interest. Some other countries showed reactions but not took any effective visible measures due their no interest in the region. In this situation the study suggested Bangladesh to be more strategic in both home and foreign policies to handle the problem effectively.

Keywords: Rohingya Crisis, Geo & Internal Politics, International Community, Bangladesh, Myanmar.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: sadik.jkkniu@gmail.com (Shuvo HS)

How to cite this article: Shuvo HS (2018). Rohingya Crisis in 2017-2018: Geo-politics and the International Reaction. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 5(2): 89-94.

Sadik Hasan Shuvo 

Department of Local Government and Urban Development, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

The article discusses about the Rohingya crisis and its impact in the region. It also discusses the present and future of the crisis in Bangladesh. The world’s largest persecuted community, Rohingya, faced the largest and most horrible persecution in the last term of 2017-18. Hundreds of thousands of Rohingya Muslims were tortured, raped and killed by the military and local Rakhine Buddhist. More than six lac Rohingyas have been fled to Bangladesh. Internal politics of Myanmar and the geo-politics of the region are blamed for the persecution. Though the persecution has created a great humanitarian crisis and eased the path of violence and extremism in the region the international community did not play any effective role to make any sustainable solution. The ethnic cleansing and denial mode of the world to the persecution may cause militancy in the region and turn Bangladesh into a battle field.

Keywords: Rohingya Crisis, Ethnic Cleansing, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Aftermath.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: sadik.jkkniu@gmail.com (Shuvo HS)

How to cite this article: Shuvo HS (2018). Rohingya Crisis: Ethnic Cleansing in Myanmar and the Aftermath. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 5(2): 95-101.

Md. Moniruzzaman¹, A. B. M. Shafiul Alam², Md. Sefaur Rahman², Shajjad Hossian³, Md. Saiful Islam¹, Md. Ariful Islam⁴, Nurjahan Tabassum⁵

¹Scientific officer, Bangladesh Fisheries research Institute (BFRI), Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh
²Scientific officer, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh
³Upazila Fisheries Officer, Department of Fisheries (DOF), Bangladesh
⁴Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
⁵Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

The present assessment was carried out to explore the amount of heavy metals and physico-chemical properties in Buriganga river in Dhaka Bangladesh from February to March, 2017. Heavy metals are the main health hazard pollutants which contaminate aquatic life. In the current research three sampling sites (Upstream, Mid Point and Downstream) were selected from Sadarghat sampling point to Sowarighat which were away from one another 0m, 100m, 200m, 300m and 400m distances from the bank side of manufacturing effluent discharging points in river Buriganga. The main goal of the current investigation was find out health hazardous heavy metals such as Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, Mn and physico-chemical properties in the Buriganga River. Heavy metals recorded in the present research were in the range of Zn 1.18-1.84 ppm; Cu 1.04-1.28 ppm; Cd 2.9-4 ppm; Pb 45.9 to 33.65 ppm; Cr 0.05-0.20 ppm; Mn 0.04-0.12 ppm; Ni 6.17 to 9.42 ppm and the physico-chemical properties pH 6.7-9.98, EC 556.7-106.03 µs/cm^-1, OS 6.78-2.98 %, N 0.153-0.107 ppm, P 25.10-7.82 ppm, K 0.465-0.212 ppm, S 275.3-163.24 ppm, Na 863.32-443.2 ppm respectively. The present study reviled that Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb and Cr was found exceeded the permissible limits while Mn, Zn was within the permissible range and the water is not better for any use like irrigation and biotic life.

Keywords: Buriganga River, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Heavy metals, Accumulation.

Corresponding author.
E-mail address: monirenvsc@gmail.com (M Moniruzzaman)

How to cite this article: Moniruzzaman M, Shafiul Alam ABM, Rahman MS, Hossian S, Islam MS, Islam MA, Tabassum N (2018). Contiguous reaction of manufacturing effluent on Buriganga river of Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 5(2): 102-109.